《恒星历指》研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 11:21

本文选题：《恒星历指》 + 恒星测算　；参考：《内蒙古师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 《崇祯历书》是明末的一部大型历算丛书,代表了中国历法史上的巨大变革。《恒星历指》作为《崇祯历书》的恒星理论部分,在《崇祯历书》中占有非常重要的地位。本文主要运用文献分析法,通过全面系统地研究和分析《恒星历指》的具体内容,说明其从四个方面建构的以西法为基础的恒星理论,进一步对其所包含的天文学和数学等内容进行分析和阐释,探讨其价值和影响。本文主要包括五个部分: 第一章,简单地介绍了中国古代的恒星观测情况,并从《恒星历指》版本、作者简介、地圆说知识等三个方面给出了研究《恒星历指》的基础。第二章,详细介绍并分析了《恒星历指》中关于恒星测量的具体测算方法,认为其引入的西方古典和近代的观测理论和球面天文学具有相当的系统性、科学性和可操作性,分析了《恒星历指》在测算方法和仪器操作过程中为减少测量误差而采用的有效方法,以及用于减少测量误差和消除视差的视差理论和蒙气差理论。第三章,《恒星历指》通过大量的古今观测实例说明恒星本行的存在,并分析了恒星本行对恒星赤道经纬度和黄道经纬度的影响。涉及二十八宿距星位置的重新测算、黄赤距度的古远今近等内容,详细分析了恒星黄道纬度变易,而黄道经度不变易的原因,以上重要结论将直接服务于星表的编算。第四章,研究了以恒星之黄道经纬度求其赤道经纬度的多种方法。这些解题与计算过程,显示了各自的原理与特点。抽提并揭示了包含在具有几何特征的数学计算中的恒星计算理论。恒星星图是这次崇祯改历中所取得的非常重要的直观的成果。本章进一步分析了《恒星历指》中绘制星图的原理和方法,展示了其中所蕴涵的理论价值。第五章,作为本文的结语部分,主要从理论价值、实践价值和对明清天文学的影响及其不足之处阐述了《恒星历指》的价值和影响。本文研究表明,《恒星历指》作为《崇祯历书》的法原部分,从历差产生的三大原因入手,建立了比当时中法更为“密”的恒星测算理论。而且《恒星历指》还给出了优于旧法的绘制星图的原理和方法。因此《恒星历指》在中国恒星观测史上具有很重要的价值。
[Abstract]:Chongzhen Calendar is a large series of calendars in the late Ming Dynasty, which represents a great change in the history of Chinese calendar. As a part of the stellar theory of Chongzhen Calendar, it occupies a very important position in Chongzhen Calendar. This paper mainly uses the literature analysis method, through the comprehensive and systematic study and analysis of the specific contents of "stellar Calendar", explains the star theory based on the west method, which is constructed from four aspects. The value and influence of astronomy and mathematics are discussed. This paper mainly includes five parts: the first chapter briefly introduces the situation of stellar observation in ancient China, and introduces the author from the version of "stellar Calendar". The basis of the study of stellar Calendar is given in three aspects: the theory of earth circle and the knowledge of the theory of earth circle. In the second chapter, we introduce and analyze in detail the specific measurement methods of stars in the Calendar of Stars, and consider that the western classical and modern observational theories and spherical astronomy introduced by them are quite systematic, scientific and operable. The effective methods used to reduce the measurement error in the calculation method and the operation of the instrument are analyzed, as well as the parallax theory and the masking error theory used to reduce the measurement error and eliminate the parallax. In Chapter 3, "stellar Calendar" shows the existence of star's own line through a large number of ancient and modern observations, and analyzes the influence of star's own line on the equatorial longitude and zodiac latitude of the star. This paper deals with the recalculation of the position of the star at 28 night distance and the ancient distance and proximity of the yellowish distance, and analyzes in detail the reasons for the variation of the zodiac latitude and the constant change of the zodiac longitude. The above important conclusions will serve directly in the compilation of the catalogue. In chapter 4, we study several methods to calculate the equatorial longitude and latitude of a star by its zodiac latitude and longitude. These solutions and calculation processes show their respective principles and characteristics. The theory of star computing which is included in the mathematical calculation with geometric characteristics is extracted and revealed. Star map is a very important visual achievement in the Chongzhen calendar. In this chapter, the principle and method of drawing star map in Star Calendar are analyzed, and the theoretical value is shown. The fifth chapter, as the conclusion of this paper, mainly expounds the value and influence of the stellar calendar from the theoretical value, the practical value, the influence on astronomy in Ming and Qing dynasties and its shortcomings. In this paper, it is shown that the "stellar calendar finger", as a part of the "Chongzhen Calendar", is based on the three main causes of the calendar difference, and a more "dense" theory of stellar measurement is established than that of the Chinese and French calendar books at that time. Moreover, the principle and method of star map drawing are given. Therefore, the stellar calendar is of great value in the history of stellar observation in China.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：P1-092

【参考文献】