中国古代遗址的天文考古调查报告——蒙辽黑鲁豫部分
发布时间：2018-07-17 15:47
【摘要】：对内蒙古、辽宁、黑龙江、山东、河南等地部分重要疑似具有天文观测与天象崇拜功能的考古遗址进了天文考古考察。遗址年代跨越5000年前的新石器时代中晚期到1700年前的魏晋时代。这是在中国境内第一次大范围的考古天文调查。首先提出对史前文明中心遗址的"天文环境"进行测量和探讨,包括考察遗址周围有无适合观测某些特定季节日出的山峰轮廓,考察遗址在建筑朝向或布局上有无特定的天文意义。夏家店下层文化城子山遗址的结构表明当时已经用天文方法正南北。其石板上的北斗星象,反映了北斗星崇拜的悠久传统。红山文化牛河梁遗址和东山嘴遗址发现的石块堆砌的圆丘,很可能具有宇宙图景的意义。东山嘴遗址地势高出,东面山廓明显,是理想的"地平历"观测系统。大汶口文化可能有春秋分日出天象崇拜,宗教图腾意义重大。大朱家村遗址的豆家岭,有可能就是大朱家村遗址的太阳观测祭祀台。山东龙山文化两城镇遗址和王湾三期文化(旧称河南龙山文化)王城岗遗址似乎都没有明显的"地平历"观测环境。我们的研究表明,陶寺文化兼有"地平历"和圭表测影系统。红山文化、大汶口文化早于陶寺文化,山东龙山文化晚期和王湾三期文化大致与陶寺文化同时,这意味着中国史前天文观测技术经历了从观测日出方位向圭表测影的演变。中国考古天文学研究,对于认识中国古代天文学的源流、中国远古文明的起源以及中国古代敬天崇拜的内涵,意义重大。
[Abstract]:Some important archaeological sites in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, etc., which are suspected to have the functions of astronomical observation and celestial worship, have been investigated by astronomical archaeology. The ruins span the mid-late Neolithic period 5000 years ago to the Wei and Jin dynasties before 1700. This is the first large-scale archaeological astronomical survey in China. First of all, it is proposed that the "astronomical environment" of the site of the Center of prehistoric Civilization be measured and discussed, including whether there are contours of the peaks around the site that are suitable for observing the sunrise of certain seasons. Investigate whether the site has specific astronomical significance in the direction or layout of the building. The structure of Zishan site in Xiadian lower cultural city indicates that the astronomical method was used to correct the north and south at that time. The Dipper elephant on its slate reflects the long tradition of dipper worship. The stones of Niuheliang site and Dongshanzui site of Hongshan culture are likely to have cosmic significance. Dongshanzui site is an ideal observation system because of its high topography and obvious eastern mountain profile. The culture of Dawenkou may have the worship of celestial phenomena at sunrise in spring and autumn, and religious totem is of great significance. The Dou Jia Ling of the Dazhujia Village site may be the solar observation and sacrificial terrace of the Dazhujia Village site. The ruins of two towns of Longshan Culture in Shandong Province and Wangchenggang site in the third period of Wangwan Culture (formerly known as Longshan Culture in Henan Province) do not seem to have obvious "Diping Li" observation environment. Our research shows that the culture of Tao Temple has both the "Diping Calendar" and the "Gui Meter Shadow system". Hongshan culture, Dawenkou culture was earlier than Taosi culture, and the late Longshan culture and Wangwan culture in Shandong province were about the same time as the Tao temple culture, which meant that the Chinese prehistoric astronomical observation technology had experienced the evolution from the observation of sunrise to the observation of images. The study of Chinese archaeological astronomy is of great significance to the understanding of the origin of ancient Chinese astronomy, the origin of ancient Chinese civilization and the connotation of ancient Chinese worship of heaven.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院自然科学史研究所;中国社会科学院考古研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:10873039) 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(项目编号:KJCX2-YW-T15) 美国John Templeton Foundation(项目编号:GrantNo.14895)
【分类号】：P1-09
[Abstract]:Some important archaeological sites in Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Henan, etc., which are suspected to have the functions of astronomical observation and celestial worship, have been investigated by astronomical archaeology. The ruins span the mid-late Neolithic period 5000 years ago to the Wei and Jin dynasties before 1700. This is the first large-scale archaeological astronomical survey in China. First of all, it is proposed that the "astronomical environment" of the site of the Center of prehistoric Civilization be measured and discussed, including whether there are contours of the peaks around the site that are suitable for observing the sunrise of certain seasons. Investigate whether the site has specific astronomical significance in the direction or layout of the building. The structure of Zishan site in Xiadian lower cultural city indicates that the astronomical method was used to correct the north and south at that time. The Dipper elephant on its slate reflects the long tradition of dipper worship. The stones of Niuheliang site and Dongshanzui site of Hongshan culture are likely to have cosmic significance. Dongshanzui site is an ideal observation system because of its high topography and obvious eastern mountain profile. The culture of Dawenkou may have the worship of celestial phenomena at sunrise in spring and autumn, and religious totem is of great significance. The Dou Jia Ling of the Dazhujia Village site may be the solar observation and sacrificial terrace of the Dazhujia Village site. The ruins of two towns of Longshan Culture in Shandong Province and Wangchenggang site in the third period of Wangwan Culture (formerly known as Longshan Culture in Henan Province) do not seem to have obvious "Diping Li" observation environment. Our research shows that the culture of Tao Temple has both the "Diping Calendar" and the "Gui Meter Shadow system". Hongshan culture, Dawenkou culture was earlier than Taosi culture, and the late Longshan culture and Wangwan culture in Shandong province were about the same time as the Tao temple culture, which meant that the Chinese prehistoric astronomical observation technology had experienced the evolution from the observation of sunrise to the observation of images. The study of Chinese archaeological astronomy is of great significance to the understanding of the origin of ancient Chinese astronomy, the origin of ancient Chinese civilization and the connotation of ancient Chinese worship of heaven.
【作者单位】： 中国科学院自然科学史研究所;中国社会科学院考古研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(项目编号:10873039) 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(项目编号:KJCX2-YW-T15) 美国John Templeton Foundation(项目编号:GrantNo.14895)
【分类号】：P1-09
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