天文测量训练模拟系统的设计与实现
发布时间：2018-07-26 12:41
【摘要】：高新技术的迅猛发展,使武器装备发生了质的飞跃,目前,天文测量主要是通过经纬仪捕捉天体确定天体位置从而获得方位。天文测量获取方位主要有两种方法:一种是太阳高度法、太阳时角法测量获取,另一种是借助于夜间照明工具进行北极星时角法测量获取。经纬仪捕捉太阳时,需要接眼遮光镜等配合,并且望远镜需根据太阳运行规律跟踪太阳运动。北极星时角法测定方位时,需要在镜中识别北极星、准确确定其位置。由于天体始终处于运动中,捕捉和寻找天体需要既快且准,对人员操作技能提出了很高要求,需要较长时间培训;同时,日常训练受天候影响较大。这些导致了培训相应的作业人员周期长、难度大,也已经越来越影响天文测量作用的发挥,制约了作战效率的提高,部队迫切需要相关的训练模拟器材。为了在实际的装备中完成模拟和训练功能,必须对上级配发的经纬仪进行改造,高精度的数字编码器被分别安装在经纬仪的高低和方向上,通过它实时的采集高低和方向数据,并通过采集模块将采集和校验的数据迅速的发送到上位机,在上位机上实时模拟显示来自经纬仪的望远镜中的画面,场景的如何变化主要是取决于来自经纬仪上的采集模块的数据,计算机实时生成视场,从而真实模拟天文测量的过程。整个天文测量训练模拟系统由数字化后的经纬仪、三角架、计算机、分频器、传感器、PDA、数传电缆等组成,改造的经纬仪主要有显示单元、高低单元,方向单元和各种旋(按)纽组成。实际的使用方法和步骤与实装的经纬仪基本相同,显示单元是由迷你的小尺寸的高分辨率的液晶屏幕构成模拟观察镜,屏幕上能显示出所观察方向相应视场大小的三维视景图像,该图像由计算机实时成像生成,同时还显示经纬仪的方向角、高低角数据。嵌入式控制计算机主要的工作是负责数据的采集和将采集的消息及时的发送到上位控制计算机,采集的数据主要是来自安装在经纬仪的上面的高精度的数字编码器上的方向信息、高低信息以及由激光测距机的获取的距离等数据。该论文以实现模拟器与实装尽量一致为原则,设计了模拟天体捕测器材,其外观、功能、操作手感与实装一致,实现了天文测量的综合训练仿真。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high and new technology, weapons and equipment have made a qualitative leap. At present, astronomical measurement mainly uses theodolite to capture the celestial bodies to determine the position of celestial bodies and obtain the azimuth. There are two main methods to obtain azimuth by astronomical measurement: one is the solar altimetry, the other is to measure the azimuth of the North Star with the help of the night illumination tool. When the theodolite catches the sun, it needs the eye shading mirror and the telescope to track the sun motion according to the law of the sun. When determining the azimuth of Polaris, it is necessary to identify the Polaris in the mirror and determine its position accurately. Since the celestial bodies are always in motion, it is necessary to capture and find the celestial bodies quickly and accurately, which requires a high requirement for personnel operation skills, and requires a long time of training. At the same time, the daily training is greatly affected by the weather. These results in the long period and difficulty of training the corresponding operators, and it has more and more influence on the role of astronomical measurement, which restricts the improvement of operational efficiency. The army urgently needs related training simulation equipment. In order to complete the simulation and training function in the actual equipment, the theodolite assigned by the superior must be reformed. The high-precision digital encoder is installed on the height and direction of the theodolite respectively, through which the height and direction data are collected in real time. And through the acquisition module to collect and verify the data quickly sent to the upper computer, real-time simulation in the upper computer display from the theodolite telescope screen, How the scene changes mainly depends on the data collected from the theodolite and the computer to generate the field of view in real time so as to simulate the process of astronomical measurement. The whole astronomical measurement training and simulation system is composed of digitized theodolite, tripod, computer, frequency divider, sensor PDAs, data transmission cable, etc. The modified theodolite mainly includes display unit, high and low unit, etc. The directional unit and various rotary buttons are formed. The actual usage method and procedure are basically the same as the actual theodolite. The display unit consists of a miniature, high-resolution liquid crystal screen to form an analog observation mirror. The 3D scene image of the observed direction corresponding to the field of view can be displayed on the screen. The image is generated by the computer real-time imaging. At the same time, the direction angle, high and low angle data of theodolite are also displayed. The main work of the embedded control computer is to collect the data and send the collected information to the upper control computer in time. The data collected are mainly from the direction information, height information and the distance obtained by the laser rangefinder which are installed on the high precision digital encoder of theodolite. Based on the principle of realizing the consistency between simulator and real equipment, the paper designs the equipment of simulating celestial body capture, its appearance, function, operation feel and actual installation are the same, and the comprehensive training simulation of astronomical measurement is realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P111;TP311.52
，
本文编号：2146045
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high and new technology, weapons and equipment have made a qualitative leap. At present, astronomical measurement mainly uses theodolite to capture the celestial bodies to determine the position of celestial bodies and obtain the azimuth. There are two main methods to obtain azimuth by astronomical measurement: one is the solar altimetry, the other is to measure the azimuth of the North Star with the help of the night illumination tool. When the theodolite catches the sun, it needs the eye shading mirror and the telescope to track the sun motion according to the law of the sun. When determining the azimuth of Polaris, it is necessary to identify the Polaris in the mirror and determine its position accurately. Since the celestial bodies are always in motion, it is necessary to capture and find the celestial bodies quickly and accurately, which requires a high requirement for personnel operation skills, and requires a long time of training. At the same time, the daily training is greatly affected by the weather. These results in the long period and difficulty of training the corresponding operators, and it has more and more influence on the role of astronomical measurement, which restricts the improvement of operational efficiency. The army urgently needs related training simulation equipment. In order to complete the simulation and training function in the actual equipment, the theodolite assigned by the superior must be reformed. The high-precision digital encoder is installed on the height and direction of the theodolite respectively, through which the height and direction data are collected in real time. And through the acquisition module to collect and verify the data quickly sent to the upper computer, real-time simulation in the upper computer display from the theodolite telescope screen, How the scene changes mainly depends on the data collected from the theodolite and the computer to generate the field of view in real time so as to simulate the process of astronomical measurement. The whole astronomical measurement training and simulation system is composed of digitized theodolite, tripod, computer, frequency divider, sensor PDAs, data transmission cable, etc. The modified theodolite mainly includes display unit, high and low unit, etc. The directional unit and various rotary buttons are formed. The actual usage method and procedure are basically the same as the actual theodolite. The display unit consists of a miniature, high-resolution liquid crystal screen to form an analog observation mirror. The 3D scene image of the observed direction corresponding to the field of view can be displayed on the screen. The image is generated by the computer real-time imaging. At the same time, the direction angle, high and low angle data of theodolite are also displayed. The main work of the embedded control computer is to collect the data and send the collected information to the upper control computer in time. The data collected are mainly from the direction information, height information and the distance obtained by the laser rangefinder which are installed on the high precision digital encoder of theodolite. Based on the principle of realizing the consistency between simulator and real equipment, the paper designs the equipment of simulating celestial body capture, its appearance, function, operation feel and actual installation are the same, and the comprehensive training simulation of astronomical measurement is realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P111;TP311.52
，
本文编号：2146045
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