行星大气微波-亚毫米波辐射传输模拟研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 11:54
【摘要】：太阳系行星中,包含大气的星球有地球、火星、木星、金星等。各行星具有不同的大气成分和结构。研究模拟行星大气辐射传输过程对行星大气成分探测、环境变化监测等具有重要的意义。微波-亚毫米波是遥感行星大气和表面的重要手段之一。常用的微波-亚毫米波大气吸收模式MPM/PWR,只能得到水汽、氧气、氮气在1-1000GHz频段内的吸收系数,无法模拟其它气体成分或更高频率的吸收特性。针对探测地球中高层大气成分或者其它行星大气的需求,本文采用逐线积分方法,基于HIRTRAN数据库中各气体分子的光谱参数,进行各气体分子在微波-亚毫米波波段吸收特征的模拟。利用辐射传输方程,对不同观测方式下的行星大气辐射亮温进行仿真,为后续地球乃至行星大气成分探测模拟、频带的选择以及大气成分廓线反演提供模型及理论依据。本文首先详述了地球及火星的大气成分和结构。阐述了向上观测、垂直观测以及临边观测三种观测方式的探测机理,并对常用微波亚毫米波大气吸收模式MPM/PWR进行分析。重点分析了国外的微波-亚毫米波大气辐射传输模型的特点。之后,利用逐线积分方法计算行星大气的气体吸收系数。在逐线积分过程中,针对不同压强温度下的谱线线形的选择进行分析。为了在不影响精度的前提下提高计算速度,采用线形截断的方法,并将逐线积分方法与MPM/PWR模式进行了分析比较。通过计算行星大气中各种气体在特定温度、压强、密度下的1-3000GHz范围内的吸收系数,分析了气体在微波-亚毫米波波段的吸收特性,并定量分析了HIRTRAN2012数据库中的谱线强度和空气半展宽的不确定性带来的系统误差。最后,利用辐射传输方程,模拟了行星大气辐射传输过程。进行了向上观测、天底观测、临边观测模式下的地球大气辐射亮温仿真;分析了地基微波-亚毫米波辐射计探测大气污染物的可行性;进行了临边探测下大气成分变化的敏感性分析;根据火星大气探测结果假设火星大气廓线信息,仿真了临边探测下火星大气的辐射亮温。这些为进一步行星大气探测系统的通道设计和科学目标获取提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:Solar system planets, including the atmosphere of the planet Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Venus and so on. Each planet has different atmospheric composition and structure. It is of great significance to study the radiative transfer process of the planetary atmosphere to detect the composition of the planetary atmosphere and to monitor the environmental changes. Microwave-sub-millimeter wave is one of the important means of remote sensing planet atmosphere and surface. The microwave / submillimeter wave atmospheric absorption model MPM / PWR can only obtain the absorption coefficients of water vapor oxygen and nitrogen in the 1-1000GHz band and can not simulate the absorption characteristics of other gas components or higher frequencies. Aiming at the demand of detecting the upper atmosphere composition or other planetary atmospheres of the earth, the method of line by line integral is adopted in this paper, based on the spectral parameters of each gas molecule in the HIRTRAN database. The absorption characteristics of each gas molecule in microwave-submillimeter wave band were simulated. By using the radiation transfer equation, the radiative bright temperature of the planetary atmosphere under different observation modes is simulated, which provides a model and theoretical basis for the subsequent exploration simulation of the composition of the earth and the planetary atmosphere, the selection of the frequency band and the inversion of the atmospheric component profile. In this paper, the atmospheric composition and structure of Earth and Mars are described in detail. In this paper, the detection mechanism of upward observation, vertical observation and borderline observation is described, and the atmospheric absorption model MPM/PWR of microwave submillimeter wave is analyzed. The characteristics of microwave-submillimeter wave atmospheric radiation transfer model abroad are analyzed. After that, the gas absorption coefficient of the planetary atmosphere is calculated by the method of line-by-line integral. In the process of line-by-line integration, the selection of line shape at different pressure and temperature is analyzed. In order to improve the calculation speed without affecting the accuracy, the linear truncation method is adopted, and the line-by-line integral method is compared with the MPM/PWR model. By calculating the absorption coefficients of various gases in the planetary atmosphere in the range of 1-3000GHz at specific temperature, pressure and density, the absorption characteristics of gases in the microwave / submillimeter wave band are analyzed. The systematic error caused by the uncertainty of spectral line intensity and air half-broadening in HIRTRAN2012 database is analyzed quantitatively. Finally, the radiation transfer process of the planetary atmosphere is simulated by using the radiation transfer equation. The emulation of atmospheric radiation bright temperature in the mode of upward observation, bottom observation and observation at the edge of the earth is carried out, and the feasibility of detecting atmospheric pollutants by ground-based microwave and sub-millimeter wave radiometer is analyzed. The sensitivity analysis of atmospheric composition changes under the condition of edge detection is carried out, and the radiative brightness temperature of Mars atmosphere is simulated based on the assumption of Mars atmospheric profile information based on the results of Mars atmospheric exploration. These provide theoretical basis for the channel design and scientific target acquisition of further planetary atmospheric exploration system.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院国家空间科学中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P185
本文编号：2173997
[Abstract]:Solar system planets, including the atmosphere of the planet Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Venus and so on. Each planet has different atmospheric composition and structure. It is of great significance to study the radiative transfer process of the planetary atmosphere to detect the composition of the planetary atmosphere and to monitor the environmental changes. Microwave-sub-millimeter wave is one of the important means of remote sensing planet atmosphere and surface. The microwave / submillimeter wave atmospheric absorption model MPM / PWR can only obtain the absorption coefficients of water vapor oxygen and nitrogen in the 1-1000GHz band and can not simulate the absorption characteristics of other gas components or higher frequencies. Aiming at the demand of detecting the upper atmosphere composition or other planetary atmospheres of the earth, the method of line by line integral is adopted in this paper, based on the spectral parameters of each gas molecule in the HIRTRAN database. The absorption characteristics of each gas molecule in microwave-submillimeter wave band were simulated. By using the radiation transfer equation, the radiative bright temperature of the planetary atmosphere under different observation modes is simulated, which provides a model and theoretical basis for the subsequent exploration simulation of the composition of the earth and the planetary atmosphere, the selection of the frequency band and the inversion of the atmospheric component profile. In this paper, the atmospheric composition and structure of Earth and Mars are described in detail. In this paper, the detection mechanism of upward observation, vertical observation and borderline observation is described, and the atmospheric absorption model MPM/PWR of microwave submillimeter wave is analyzed. The characteristics of microwave-submillimeter wave atmospheric radiation transfer model abroad are analyzed. After that, the gas absorption coefficient of the planetary atmosphere is calculated by the method of line-by-line integral. In the process of line-by-line integration, the selection of line shape at different pressure and temperature is analyzed. In order to improve the calculation speed without affecting the accuracy, the linear truncation method is adopted, and the line-by-line integral method is compared with the MPM/PWR model. By calculating the absorption coefficients of various gases in the planetary atmosphere in the range of 1-3000GHz at specific temperature, pressure and density, the absorption characteristics of gases in the microwave / submillimeter wave band are analyzed. The systematic error caused by the uncertainty of spectral line intensity and air half-broadening in HIRTRAN2012 database is analyzed quantitatively. Finally, the radiation transfer process of the planetary atmosphere is simulated by using the radiation transfer equation. The emulation of atmospheric radiation bright temperature in the mode of upward observation, bottom observation and observation at the edge of the earth is carried out, and the feasibility of detecting atmospheric pollutants by ground-based microwave and sub-millimeter wave radiometer is analyzed. The sensitivity analysis of atmospheric composition changes under the condition of edge detection is carried out, and the radiative brightness temperature of Mars atmosphere is simulated based on the assumption of Mars atmospheric profile information based on the results of Mars atmospheric exploration. These provide theoretical basis for the channel design and scientific target acquisition of further planetary atmospheric exploration system.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院国家空间科学中心
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P185
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