原子鉴频及其在太阳观测中的应用

发布时间：2018-08-11 15:07

【摘要】：原子鉴频器是一种基于原子跃迁的新型光学鉴频器件,具有透射带宽窄、透射谱型稳定的特点,因此在光电探测等领域具有独特优势。基于原子鉴频的高光谱分辨率太阳观测,可以实现太阳光球层和色球层的速度场、磁场观测；能够为太阳物理研究和应用提供高分辨率观测数据；成为监视太阳剧烈活动,进行空间天气预报的有效观测手段。本文调研了高光谱分辨率太阳观测的意义及发展趋势后,以原子鉴频技术及其在高光谱分辨率太阳观测中的应用为中心开展研究。对基于原子跃迁的光学器件的理论和技术开展了较为系统的研究,开发了原子鉴频器模拟软件,用于指导原子鉴频器的研制。分析了原子鉴频器应用于光电探测系统时出现的有效透射率问题及解决方法。在此基础上,发展出多种新型的原子光学器件。其中,普通型和紧凑型双通道原子滤光器的成功研制,有效地提高了传统原子滤光器的透射率,而双峰原子鉴频器和塞曼吸收原子鉴频器的成功研制,则是实现了传统原子器件的技术和功能扩展,满足了高光谱分辨太阳观测的需求。研制了四峰透射原子鉴频器,并提出基于四峰透射原子鉴频器的太阳层析观测,具有创新意义。为了开展高光谱分辨率太阳观测,设计并研制了两种基于原子鉴频的太阳观测实验系统,包括法拉第原子鉴频器和塞曼吸收鉴频器级联实现高分辨的实验系统以及法拉第原子鉴频器和标准具级联实现高分辨的实验系统。采用法布里珀罗标准具光学选峰的实验系统,不仅稳定性高,光谱分辨能力强,而且还具有调谐方便的优点。利用上述实验系统开展高光谱分辨率太阳观测,成功地获得了太阳全日面的多普勒速度观测结果。对观测结果进行图像处理,扣除太阳较差自转以及引力红移等因素的影响,获得了太阳速度场的初步结果。这是在国内首次获得基于原子鉴频的太阳观测结果,为我国太阳观测研究提供新型观测手段和科学数据。最后进行了误差分析,并结合激光雷达观测结果,分析了地球大气对高光谱分辨率太阳观测的影响。
[Abstract]:Atomic frequency discriminator is a new type of optical discriminator based on atomic transition. It has the characteristics of narrow transmission band and stable transmission spectrum, so it has unique advantages in the field of photoelectric detection and so on. The hyperspectral resolution solar observations based on atomic frequency discrimination can realize the velocity field and magnetic field observation of the solar photosphere and chromosphere, provide high-resolution observation data for the research and application of the solar physics, and become the monitoring of the intense activities of the sun. An effective means of observation for space weather forecasting. After investigating the significance and development trend of hyperspectral resolution solar observation, this paper focuses on atomic frequency discrimination technology and its application in hyperspectral resolution solar observation. The theory and technology of optical devices based on atomic transition are studied systematically. The simulation software of atomic frequency discriminator is developed to guide the development of atomic frequency discriminator. The problem of effective transmittance of atomic frequency discriminator used in photoelectric detection system and its solution are analyzed. On this basis, a variety of new atomic optical devices have been developed. Among them, the successful development of conventional and compact dual-channel atomic filters has effectively improved the transmittance of traditional atomic filters, while the bimodal atomic discriminator and Zeeman absorption atomic discriminator have been successfully developed. It realizes the technical and functional expansion of traditional atomic devices and meets the needs of hyperspectral resolution solar observation. A four-peak transmission atomic frequency discriminator is developed, and the solar tomography observation based on the four-peak transmission atomic discriminator is presented, which is of great significance. In order to carry out hyperspectral resolution solar observation, two solar observation experimental systems based on atomic frequency discrimination are designed and developed. The experiment system consists of Faraday atomic discriminator and Zeeman absorption discriminator cascade to realize high resolution and Faraday atomic discriminator and standard device cascade to realize high resolution experimental system. The experimental system with Fabry-Perot standard for optical peak selection not only has high stability, strong spectral resolution, but also has the advantage of convenient tuning. Using the above experimental system to carry out the hyperspectral resolution solar observations, the Doppler velocity observation results of the solar total solar surface have been obtained successfully. The preliminary results of the solar velocity field are obtained by image processing and deducting the influence of some factors such as the differential rotation of the sun and the gravitational redshift. This is the first time to obtain the results of solar observation based on atomic frequency discrimination in China, which provides a new method of observation and scientific data for the study of solar observation in China. Finally, the error analysis is carried out, and the influence of the earth's atmosphere on the hyperspectral resolution solar observation is analyzed by combining the observation results of lidar.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（武汉物理与数学研究所）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH753.1;P182

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