大口径望远镜主镜侧支撑结构优化
发布时间：2018-08-19 18:09
【摘要】：随着科学技术不断进步人们认识范围的不断扩大,光电系统作为人们认识宇宙的重要工具,越来越多得显示出其重要的地位光学口径是衡量光电系统的一个重要指标这是因为,只有光电系统的口径大了,光电系统才有更强的集光能力,分辨能力才能得到保障,才能更清晰得观测目标 在反射式望远镜中,主镜作为光学系统中的主要光学元件具有很重要的地位其中主镜的表面精度对反射式望远镜的影响尤为突出而影响表面精度的因素非常多,主要有加工误差和支撑结构产生的误差因为光学系统口径的不断扩大以及不同仰角的观测需求,所以镜子自重产生的变形会对光学系统产生重要影响,同时自重的方向会产生不断变化,因此支撑系统是光电系统非常重要的组成部分为减少主镜口径增大所带来的主镜重量增加自重变形及温度变形等问题,人们提出了各种解决方法,如改进支撑方式研制新型轻质材料等 随着科学技术的不断发展,出现了大量的新技术,主要有主动光学技术自适应光学技术以及超薄镜的支撑技术等这些新技术的应用大大增大了光学系统的口径以及成像质量但是对于1m以下的传统光电系统的主镜支撑方法人们还是普遍采用传统支撑方法,只是对于500mm以上的主镜进行轻量化处理,以降低自重产生的变形本文对500mm以上,1m以下的主镜的侧支撑方案做了详细分析 本文主要针对侧支撑方案中经常遇到的若干问题进行分析优化,如侧支撑点位置的优化配重因素主镜存在的晃动以及加速度对面形的影响首先根据主镜侧支撑经常采用的下推上拉结构,本文对6点对称下推上拉结构进行了优化,找出了支撑位置的最优解;同时考虑到配重的优化,找出了配重与位置之间的关系经过综合分析以求能找出适合6点下推上拉结构最优解其次分析了主镜晃动产生的原因,对结构进行了改进最后分析了加速度产生面形的相关因素,通过对相关因素的分析,找出这些因素对变形影响的大小同时结合有限元软件对关键部件进行了仿真,得到变形图
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of science and technology, as the scope of understanding is expanding, the photoelectric system, as an important tool for people to understand the universe, is increasingly showing its important position, optical aperture is an important indicator of optoelectronic system because, Only when the aperture of the optoelectronic system becomes larger can the photoelectric system have a stronger ability to collect light, be able to distinguish itself, and observe the target more clearly in a reflective telescope. Primary mirror plays an important role as the main optical element in optical system. The influence of primary mirror surface precision on reflector telescope is especially prominent, and there are many factors that affect surface precision. There are mainly machining errors and errors caused by supporting structures. Because of the continuous expansion of the aperture of the optical system and the observation requirements of different elevation angles, the deformation caused by the mirror self-weight will have an important impact on the optical system. At the same time, the direction of self-weight will change constantly, so the supporting system is a very important part of optoelectronic system, which increases the weight deformation and temperature deformation of primary mirror in order to reduce the aperture of primary mirror. With the development of science and technology, a large number of new technologies have emerged. These new technologies, such as active optics, adaptive optics, ultra-thin mirror support and so on, have greatly increased the aperture and imaging quality of optical systems, but for traditional optoelectronic systems below 1m, the primary mirror. Support methods people still generally adopt traditional support methods, Only for the primary mirror above 500mm light processing, In order to reduce the deformation caused by deadweight, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the side bracing scheme of primary mirror below 1 m above 500mm. This paper mainly analyzes and optimizes some problems often encountered in the side bracing scheme. For example, the influence of the sloshing of the primary mirror and the influence of the acceleration on the surface of the main mirror due to the optimization of the position of the side support and counterweight, firstly, according to the push-pull structure often used in the side support of the primary mirror, this paper optimizes the 6-point symmetrical push-pull structure. At the same time, considering the optimization of counterweight, we find out the relationship between counterweight and position through comprehensive analysis in order to find the optimal solution suitable for push-pull structure at 6 points. Secondly, the cause of primary mirror sloshing is analyzed. Finally, the factors related to the surface shape of acceleration are analyzed. By analyzing the relevant factors, the influence of these factors on deformation is found, and the key components are simulated with the finite element software, and the deformation diagram is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TH751
本文编号：2192425
[Abstract]:With the continuous progress of science and technology, as the scope of understanding is expanding, the photoelectric system, as an important tool for people to understand the universe, is increasingly showing its important position, optical aperture is an important indicator of optoelectronic system because, Only when the aperture of the optoelectronic system becomes larger can the photoelectric system have a stronger ability to collect light, be able to distinguish itself, and observe the target more clearly in a reflective telescope. Primary mirror plays an important role as the main optical element in optical system. The influence of primary mirror surface precision on reflector telescope is especially prominent, and there are many factors that affect surface precision. There are mainly machining errors and errors caused by supporting structures. Because of the continuous expansion of the aperture of the optical system and the observation requirements of different elevation angles, the deformation caused by the mirror self-weight will have an important impact on the optical system. At the same time, the direction of self-weight will change constantly, so the supporting system is a very important part of optoelectronic system, which increases the weight deformation and temperature deformation of primary mirror in order to reduce the aperture of primary mirror. With the development of science and technology, a large number of new technologies have emerged. These new technologies, such as active optics, adaptive optics, ultra-thin mirror support and so on, have greatly increased the aperture and imaging quality of optical systems, but for traditional optoelectronic systems below 1m, the primary mirror. Support methods people still generally adopt traditional support methods, Only for the primary mirror above 500mm light processing, In order to reduce the deformation caused by deadweight, this paper makes a detailed analysis of the side bracing scheme of primary mirror below 1 m above 500mm. This paper mainly analyzes and optimizes some problems often encountered in the side bracing scheme. For example, the influence of the sloshing of the primary mirror and the influence of the acceleration on the surface of the main mirror due to the optimization of the position of the side support and counterweight, firstly, according to the push-pull structure often used in the side support of the primary mirror, this paper optimizes the 6-point symmetrical push-pull structure. At the same time, considering the optimization of counterweight, we find out the relationship between counterweight and position through comprehensive analysis in order to find the optimal solution suitable for push-pull structure at 6 points. Secondly, the cause of primary mirror sloshing is analyzed. Finally, the factors related to the surface shape of acceleration are analyzed. By analyzing the relevant factors, the influence of these factors on deformation is found, and the key components are simulated with the finite element software, and the deformation diagram is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（长春光学精密机械与物理研究所）
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：TH751
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