《浑天仪说》的成书背景及其传入中国的意义
发布时间：2018-08-20 11:16
【摘要】：《浑天仪说》是由传教士汤若望根据欧洲天文著作编撰的一本关于天文仪器的著作,在顺治二年被新编到《西洋新法历书》中。本文详细研读了汤若望的译著《浑天仪说》,探讨了明末清初的历史背景和当时天文学、天文仪器的发展情况,特别探讨了汤若望在译撰《浑天仪说》及其编入《西洋新法历书》前后的相关工作,并深入研究了《浑天仪说》中被后人研究和运用的一些实例。文章主要运用文献查阅法、逻辑归纳法以及前人研究成果引证分析的方法进行研究,文章共分为以下四个部分。第一章绪论中介绍了明末清初时期的历史背景,包括西方天文历法的输入与西方天文仪器的传入,探讨了徐光启等人对《崇祯历书》的编写过程,总结出前人对《浑天仪说》的研究大都浅尝辄止,这也正是本文的研究意义和努力目标。第二章介绍了《浑天仪说》的成书背景,在前人对汤若望的研究基础上,概括了汤若望在华经历和他在本时期的天文著作。深入研究了汤若望归入清朝刊印《西洋新法历书》的过程,简要分析了《浑天仪说》编入《西洋新法历书》的原因。第三章主要是探析《浑天仪说》这本书的主要内容及流传影响。从浑仪用法序入手,探究这对本书的理解和运用。包括研究了汤若望运用亚里士多德的哲学思想、西方古典自然哲学传统、科学意思想等哲学方法对浑天仪的原理进行了论证。研究了书中介绍的天文仪器,包括天球仪、演示浑仪的主要构造和用法,以及卷二到卷五例举的浑天仪的用法实例。本文从这四卷中分别选出一小节,包括求北极出地度、依比例原法复解圆线三角形、依浑仪制日晷、天地各球十二长圆形图进行详细的研究,分析《浑天仪说》中的内容在日后的流传与影响,通过这些应用实例分析这本书的实用价值。这一章还厘清了当时背景下中国天文仪器的现状,大部分测天仪器年久失修,刻度都已不准确。徐光启、李天经和传教士等人奉命制造新的天文仪器。探讨了李天经和南怀仁参考《浑天仪说》中的部分内容设计制造天体仪等天文仪器。第四章作为本文的结论部分,从天文学角度和哲学思想角度研究了《浑天仪说》在中国流传的意义。客观的评价了《浑天仪说》在明末清初的历史大背景下的地位,分析出书中的内容与同时期中的西方相比是落后的,但在当时的中国却是先进的。总结了其在天文仪器、数学天文学和星图方面影响的成功之处,也分析出了其存在有些内容编写粗糙且不实用等问题,并入探讨了当时背景下引进和制造西式天仪器的意义。
[Abstract]:The theory of Muddy Heaven is a book on astronomical instruments compiled by Tang Ruowang, a missionary, according to European astronomical works, which was newly compiled in Shunzhi in the New Calendar of Western Law in two years. This paper has studied Tang Ruowang's translated book, the Theory of Muddy Heaven, and discussed the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the development of astronomy and astronomical instruments at that time. In particular, Tang Ruowang discusses the relevant work before and after the translation and compilation of the theory of "Hun Tian Yi" and its compilation into the "New Calendar of Western Law", and makes a thorough study of some examples which have been studied and applied by later generations in "the Theory of Hun Tian Yi". This paper mainly uses the methods of literature reference, logical induction and the analysis of previous research results. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, including the input of western astronomical calendars and the introduction of western astronomical instruments, and discusses the writing process of Chongzhen Calendar by Xu Guangqi et al. It is concluded that most of the previous researches on "muddy sky theory" are superficial, which is also the significance and goal of this paper. The second chapter introduces the background of the book, summarizes Tang Ruowang's experience in China and his astronomical works in this period on the basis of his predecessors' research on Tang Ruowang. This paper studies the process of Tang Ruowang's publication of the New Western Calendar in the Qing Dynasty, and briefly analyzes the reasons for the inclusion of "the Theory of the Hun Tian Yi" in the "New Western Calendar". The third chapter mainly analyzes the main contents and the influence of the book. This paper explores the understanding and application of this book from the preface to the usage of the muddy instrument. Including the study of Tang Ruowang's philosophy of Aristotle, the western classical natural philosophy tradition, scientific ideas and other philosophical methods to prove the principle of muddy sky. This paper studies the astronomical instruments introduced in the book, including the celestial sphere instrument, the main structure and usage of the demonstration turbid instrument, and the examples of the use of the turbid celestial instrument with volumes 2 to 5. In this paper, one section is selected from each of the four volumes, which includes finding out the north pole, solving circular triangle by proportional method, making sundials by turbid instrument, and making 12 long circles of each sphere in heaven and earth for detailed study. This paper analyzes the circulation and influence of the content in the theory of muddy sky, and analyzes the practical value of the book through these application examples. This chapter also clarifies the current situation of Chinese astronomical instruments in the background, most of which are out of repair and inaccurate in calibration. Xu Guangqi, Li Tianjing and missionaries were ordered to build new astronomical instruments. This paper discusses the design and manufacture of astronomical instruments such as celestial instruments in Li Tianjing and Ferdinand Verbiest reference. The fourth chapter, as the conclusion of this paper, studies the significance of the theory of muddy sky in China from the point of view of astronomy and philosophy. This paper objectively evaluates the position of the theory of muddy sky in the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and analyzes that the content of the book is backward compared with the western countries in the same period, but it is advanced in China at that time. This paper summarizes the success of its influence on astronomical instruments, mathematical astronomy and star maps, and analyzes some problems such as rough and impractical writing of some of its contents, and discusses the significance of the introduction and manufacture of western celestial instruments in the background at that time.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P111
本文编号：2193383
[Abstract]:The theory of Muddy Heaven is a book on astronomical instruments compiled by Tang Ruowang, a missionary, according to European astronomical works, which was newly compiled in Shunzhi in the New Calendar of Western Law in two years. This paper has studied Tang Ruowang's translated book, the Theory of Muddy Heaven, and discussed the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the development of astronomy and astronomical instruments at that time. In particular, Tang Ruowang discusses the relevant work before and after the translation and compilation of the theory of "Hun Tian Yi" and its compilation into the "New Calendar of Western Law", and makes a thorough study of some examples which have been studied and applied by later generations in "the Theory of Hun Tian Yi". This paper mainly uses the methods of literature reference, logical induction and the analysis of previous research results. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, including the input of western astronomical calendars and the introduction of western astronomical instruments, and discusses the writing process of Chongzhen Calendar by Xu Guangqi et al. It is concluded that most of the previous researches on "muddy sky theory" are superficial, which is also the significance and goal of this paper. The second chapter introduces the background of the book, summarizes Tang Ruowang's experience in China and his astronomical works in this period on the basis of his predecessors' research on Tang Ruowang. This paper studies the process of Tang Ruowang's publication of the New Western Calendar in the Qing Dynasty, and briefly analyzes the reasons for the inclusion of "the Theory of the Hun Tian Yi" in the "New Western Calendar". The third chapter mainly analyzes the main contents and the influence of the book. This paper explores the understanding and application of this book from the preface to the usage of the muddy instrument. Including the study of Tang Ruowang's philosophy of Aristotle, the western classical natural philosophy tradition, scientific ideas and other philosophical methods to prove the principle of muddy sky. This paper studies the astronomical instruments introduced in the book, including the celestial sphere instrument, the main structure and usage of the demonstration turbid instrument, and the examples of the use of the turbid celestial instrument with volumes 2 to 5. In this paper, one section is selected from each of the four volumes, which includes finding out the north pole, solving circular triangle by proportional method, making sundials by turbid instrument, and making 12 long circles of each sphere in heaven and earth for detailed study. This paper analyzes the circulation and influence of the content in the theory of muddy sky, and analyzes the practical value of the book through these application examples. This chapter also clarifies the current situation of Chinese astronomical instruments in the background, most of which are out of repair and inaccurate in calibration. Xu Guangqi, Li Tianjing and missionaries were ordered to build new astronomical instruments. This paper discusses the design and manufacture of astronomical instruments such as celestial instruments in Li Tianjing and Ferdinand Verbiest reference. The fourth chapter, as the conclusion of this paper, studies the significance of the theory of muddy sky in China from the point of view of astronomy and philosophy. This paper objectively evaluates the position of the theory of muddy sky in the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and analyzes that the content of the book is backward compared with the western countries in the same period, but it is advanced in China at that time. This paper summarizes the success of its influence on astronomical instruments, mathematical astronomy and star maps, and analyzes some problems such as rough and impractical writing of some of its contents, and discusses the significance of the introduction and manufacture of western celestial instruments in the background at that time.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：P111
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 褚龙飞;石云里;;第谷月亮理论在中国的传播[J];中国科技史杂志;2013年03期
，本文编号：2193383
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