嫦娥二号线阵CCD影像的月表DEM提取技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-24 19:03
【摘要】：嫦娥一、二号探月卫星的成功发射，标志着我国的深空探测技术已经走入了世界前列。嫦娥二号卫星搭载的CCD立体相机的空间分辨率高达7米，利用其立体像对可以生成高分辨率的月表DEM，对后续的登月计划及数字月球平台的搭建都具有重要意义。因此，本文围绕着如何利用嫦娥二号的CCD立体影像数据提取月表DEM进行了系统的理论分析和实践验证。 本文对嫦娥二号卫星所搭配的CCD立体相机的成像原理及影像数据的存储格式进行了细致地研究，根据嫦娥二号影像数据的特点及月球遥感的特殊性，明确了本研究工作需要解决影像立体定位和影像匹配两个难点，这是提取月表DEM的前提条件。为解决嫦娥二号CCD影像的立体定位问题，即解算外方位元素，本文系统地研究了线阵CCD影像的工作原理和两种主要的传感器模型——物理传感器模型和通用传感器模型，通过分析有理函数模型这一种与传感器参数无关的外方位元素解算模型的原理及特点，并借鉴其它的搭载线阵CCD立体相机的高分辨率商业卫星的影像定位方法，提出了基于有理函数模型的嫦娥二号CCD影像立体定位方法，在无卫星轨道参数的情况下，成功的利用月面控制点解算了嫦娥二号卫星CCD影像的外方位元素。由于月球影像纹理特征不明显，而且其影像灰度受光照影响也有较明显的差别，利用传统的基于灰度的影像匹配方法对嫦娥二号影像的立体像对进行匹配难以得到可靠的匹配结果，因此本文选择了基于特征的匹配算法——SIFT算法进行月面立体影像匹配，并进行了编程实现和结果分析，证明此方法是一种行之有效的月面立体影像匹配方法。最后，本文以ENVI软件的地形分析模块为平台，以月球北极地区的部分影像为实验数据，完成了该区域的DEM提取工作，生成的DEM分辨为15米，，高程误差在30米以内。实验结果证明本文的方法切实可行，完全适用于嫦娥二号CCD立体影像的处理和DEM提取中，根据本文设计的方法可提取出高分辨率、高精度的全月球DEM。 本文的创新点有： （1）提出了一种基于有理函数模型的嫦娥二号CCD影像的立体定位方法。即利用嫦娥一号激光高度数据与嫦娥二号CCD影像控制点数据相结合的方法生成月面控制点，通过月面控制点解算出有理函数模型系数，实现了影像的外方位元素解算。 （2）提出了一种利用SIFT算法解决月表遥感影像匹配算法。实现了对嫦娥二号获取的线阵CCD不同视角影像间的匹配及同名点的自动、批量生成，保证了提取月表DEM的精度，提高了工作效率。
[Abstract]:The successful launch of the Chang'e 1 and 2 lunar probe satellites marks that China's deep space exploration technology has entered the forefront of the world. The spatial resolution of the CCD stereo camera on the Chang 'e-2 satellite is as high as 7 meters. It is of great significance for the subsequent lunar landing plan and the construction of the digital lunar platform to use the stereo image pair to generate high-resolution DEM,. Therefore, this paper makes a systematic theoretical analysis and practical verification on how to extract the monthly table DEM from the CCD stereoscopic image data of Chang 'e-2. In this paper, the imaging principle and storage format of CCD stereo camera for Chang 'e-2 satellite are studied in detail. According to the characteristics of Chang 'e-2 image data and the particularity of lunar remote sensing, It is clear that this work needs to solve the two difficulties of image stereo positioning and image matching, which is the precondition of extracting monthly table DEM. In order to solve the problem of stereo positioning of Chang 'e-2 CCD image, that is, to solve the external azimuth element, the working principle of linear CCD image and two main sensor models, physical sensor model and universal sensor model, are systematically studied in this paper. By analyzing the principle and characteristics of the rational function model, which is an external azimuth element solution model independent of sensor parameters, and drawing lessons from other high-resolution commercial satellite image positioning methods with linear array CCD stereo camera, this paper analyzes the principle and characteristics of the rational function model, which is an external azimuth element solution model independent of sensor parameters. In this paper, a rational function model based stereo positioning method for Chang 'e-2 CCD image is proposed. In the absence of satellite orbit parameters, the outer azimuth elements of Chang 'e-2 satellite CCD image are successfully calculated by using the lunar surface control points. Because the texture feature of lunar image is not obvious, and its image grayscale is influenced by illumination, It is difficult to obtain reliable matching result by using traditional grayscale image matching method to match the stereo image of Chang 'e-2 image. Therefore, the feature based matching algorithm, sift algorithm, is selected for lunar stereo image matching in this paper. Programming and result analysis show that this method is an effective method for lunar stereo image matching. Finally, taking the terrain analysis module of ENVI software as the platform and some images of the lunar arctic region as experimental data, the paper completes the DEM extraction work in this region. The resulting DEM resolution is 15 meters and the elevation error is less than 30 meters. The experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and suitable for the processing of Chang 'e-2 CCD stereo image and the extraction of DEM. According to the method designed in this paper, the high resolution and high precision DEM. can be extracted from the moon. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) A new stereo positioning method of Chang 'e-2 CCD image based on rational function model is proposed. The method of combining Chang 'e-1 laser height data with Chang 'e-2 CCD image control point data is used to generate the lunar surface control point, and the rational function model coefficient is calculated by the lunar surface control point solution. The external azimuth element solution of the image is realized. (2) A SIFT algorithm is proposed to solve the remote sensing image matching algorithm of the moon table. The matching of different angle images of linear CCD acquired by Chang 'e-2 and the automatic and batch generation of the same name points are realized. The precision of DEM extraction from monthly table is guaranteed and the working efficiency is improved.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P184;TP751
本文编号：2201742
[Abstract]:The successful launch of the Chang'e 1 and 2 lunar probe satellites marks that China's deep space exploration technology has entered the forefront of the world. The spatial resolution of the CCD stereo camera on the Chang 'e-2 satellite is as high as 7 meters. It is of great significance for the subsequent lunar landing plan and the construction of the digital lunar platform to use the stereo image pair to generate high-resolution DEM,. Therefore, this paper makes a systematic theoretical analysis and practical verification on how to extract the monthly table DEM from the CCD stereoscopic image data of Chang 'e-2. In this paper, the imaging principle and storage format of CCD stereo camera for Chang 'e-2 satellite are studied in detail. According to the characteristics of Chang 'e-2 image data and the particularity of lunar remote sensing, It is clear that this work needs to solve the two difficulties of image stereo positioning and image matching, which is the precondition of extracting monthly table DEM. In order to solve the problem of stereo positioning of Chang 'e-2 CCD image, that is, to solve the external azimuth element, the working principle of linear CCD image and two main sensor models, physical sensor model and universal sensor model, are systematically studied in this paper. By analyzing the principle and characteristics of the rational function model, which is an external azimuth element solution model independent of sensor parameters, and drawing lessons from other high-resolution commercial satellite image positioning methods with linear array CCD stereo camera, this paper analyzes the principle and characteristics of the rational function model, which is an external azimuth element solution model independent of sensor parameters. In this paper, a rational function model based stereo positioning method for Chang 'e-2 CCD image is proposed. In the absence of satellite orbit parameters, the outer azimuth elements of Chang 'e-2 satellite CCD image are successfully calculated by using the lunar surface control points. Because the texture feature of lunar image is not obvious, and its image grayscale is influenced by illumination, It is difficult to obtain reliable matching result by using traditional grayscale image matching method to match the stereo image of Chang 'e-2 image. Therefore, the feature based matching algorithm, sift algorithm, is selected for lunar stereo image matching in this paper. Programming and result analysis show that this method is an effective method for lunar stereo image matching. Finally, taking the terrain analysis module of ENVI software as the platform and some images of the lunar arctic region as experimental data, the paper completes the DEM extraction work in this region. The resulting DEM resolution is 15 meters and the elevation error is less than 30 meters. The experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and suitable for the processing of Chang 'e-2 CCD stereo image and the extraction of DEM. According to the method designed in this paper, the high resolution and high precision DEM. can be extracted from the moon. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) A new stereo positioning method of Chang 'e-2 CCD image based on rational function model is proposed. The method of combining Chang 'e-1 laser height data with Chang 'e-2 CCD image control point data is used to generate the lunar surface control point, and the rational function model coefficient is calculated by the lunar surface control point solution. The external azimuth element solution of the image is realized. (2) A SIFT algorithm is proposed to solve the remote sensing image matching algorithm of the moon table. The matching of different angle images of linear CCD acquired by Chang 'e-2 and the automatic and batch generation of the same name points are realized. The precision of DEM extraction from monthly table is guaranteed and the working efficiency is improved.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P184;TP751
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本文编号：2201742
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