蜂窝镜温度与镜面视宁度控制方法研究
发布时间：2018-08-25 18:01
【摘要】：温度是影响大口径天文望远镜高分辨力成像质量的关键因素之一。当环境温度快速变化时，在温度差的作用下望远镜主镜与环境空气之间发生热量交换。导致主镜表面空气的对流扰动，形成主镜视宁度现象对成像质量造成严重影响。减小主镜视宁度对望远镜高分辨力成像质量的影响是本文研究的主要目的。 根据主镜视宁度产生的物理机理，目前对主镜视宁度控制的常用方法主要有两种：一种方法是控制主镜自身的温度，使主镜反射表面与环境空气温度差维持在一定范围内；另外一种方法是在平行于主镜前表面的方向吹风，用一层薄薄的均匀流动的“气刀”将主镜视宁度扰动抚平。 本文通过温度场的计算，结合国外主镜视宁度计算经验公式，分别对实心镜面和蜂窝镜面主镜视宁度现象的定量计算和改善效果进行了研究。运用温度场理论对实心镜面主镜视宁度及“气刀”改善效果进行了详细的研究。提出了一种灵活多变、可操作性强的蜂窝镜面温度控制方案。提出了用于大口径蜂窝镜面温度控制研究的单蜂窝单元假设。以四米蜂窝镜面为例，，运用计算流体动力学方法和有限元方法对蜂窝镜面温度场和热变形进行了计算。从主镜视宁度和热变形两个方面对四米蜂窝镜面温度控制效果进行了分析。对四米蜂窝镜面温度控制具体工程问题进行了研究。建立“气刀”流场模型，对气刀流场特性及其引入的光学像差进行了计算。 通过本论文的研究，摸索出一整套用于主镜视宁度和温度控制研究的技术路线。为我国未来研制更大口径高分辨力成像望远镜在主镜温度控制方面奠定了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:Temperature is one of the key factors affecting the high resolution imaging quality of large aperture astronomical telescope. When ambient temperature changes rapidly, heat exchange occurs between telescope primary mirror and ambient air under the action of temperature difference. As a result of the convection disturbance of the air on the primary mirror surface, the primary mirror apparent Ning phenomenon has a serious impact on the imaging quality. The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the influence of the primary mirror apparent intensity on the high resolution imaging quality of the telescope. According to the physical mechanism of primary mirror apparent Ning degree, there are two main methods to control primary mirror apparent Ning degree: one is to control the temperature of primary mirror itself, so that the temperature difference between primary mirror reflection surface and ambient air can be maintained within a certain range; Another method is to blow in a direction parallel to the front surface of the main mirror, and smooth the apparent noise of the primary mirror with a thin uniform flow "air knife". Based on the calculation of temperature field and the empirical formulas for the calculation of the apparent degree of the primary mirror in foreign countries, the quantitative calculation and improvement effect of the phenomenon of the apparent Ning degree of the solid mirror and the honeycomb primary mirror are studied respectively in this paper. Based on the theory of temperature field, the improvement effect of solid mirror primary mirror and the effect of "air knife" are studied in detail. A flexible and operable temperature control scheme for honeycomb mirror is proposed. A single honeycomb element hypothesis for the study of large aperture honeycomb mirror surface temperature control is presented. Taking the four-meter honeycomb mirror as an example, the temperature field and thermal deformation of the honeycomb mirror are calculated by using the computational fluid dynamics method and the finite element method. The temperature control effect of the four-meter honeycomb mirror is analyzed from the aspects of apparent degree and thermal deformation of the primary mirror. The specific engineering problems of temperature control for four-meter honeycomb mirror surface are studied. The flow field characteristics and optical aberration of the pneumatic knife are calculated. Based on the research of this thesis, a set of technical routes for the study of primary mirror apparent Ning and temperature control have been found out. It lays a solid foundation for the development of large aperture high resolution imaging telescope in the field of primary mirror temperature control in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（光电技术研究所）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH751
本文编号：2203670
[Abstract]:Temperature is one of the key factors affecting the high resolution imaging quality of large aperture astronomical telescope. When ambient temperature changes rapidly, heat exchange occurs between telescope primary mirror and ambient air under the action of temperature difference. As a result of the convection disturbance of the air on the primary mirror surface, the primary mirror apparent Ning phenomenon has a serious impact on the imaging quality. The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the influence of the primary mirror apparent intensity on the high resolution imaging quality of the telescope. According to the physical mechanism of primary mirror apparent Ning degree, there are two main methods to control primary mirror apparent Ning degree: one is to control the temperature of primary mirror itself, so that the temperature difference between primary mirror reflection surface and ambient air can be maintained within a certain range; Another method is to blow in a direction parallel to the front surface of the main mirror, and smooth the apparent noise of the primary mirror with a thin uniform flow "air knife". Based on the calculation of temperature field and the empirical formulas for the calculation of the apparent degree of the primary mirror in foreign countries, the quantitative calculation and improvement effect of the phenomenon of the apparent Ning degree of the solid mirror and the honeycomb primary mirror are studied respectively in this paper. Based on the theory of temperature field, the improvement effect of solid mirror primary mirror and the effect of "air knife" are studied in detail. A flexible and operable temperature control scheme for honeycomb mirror is proposed. A single honeycomb element hypothesis for the study of large aperture honeycomb mirror surface temperature control is presented. Taking the four-meter honeycomb mirror as an example, the temperature field and thermal deformation of the honeycomb mirror are calculated by using the computational fluid dynamics method and the finite element method. The temperature control effect of the four-meter honeycomb mirror is analyzed from the aspects of apparent degree and thermal deformation of the primary mirror. The specific engineering problems of temperature control for four-meter honeycomb mirror surface are studied. The flow field characteristics and optical aberration of the pneumatic knife are calculated. Based on the research of this thesis, a set of technical routes for the study of primary mirror apparent Ning and temperature control have been found out. It lays a solid foundation for the development of large aperture high resolution imaging telescope in the field of primary mirror temperature control in China.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（光电技术研究所）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：TH751
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