基于嫦娥二号影像的撞击坑几何特征量化分级描述与时空分布研究

发布时间：2018-09-05 07:44

【摘要】：月球作为地球的唯一的卫星吸引着人们的目光。关于月球的起源、地-月起源关系、甚至宇宙起源国内外学者众说纷纭。自上世纪中叶以来，美国的阿波罗探月计划和紧随其后的前苏联探月计划以及中国的探月工程计划加深了人们对月球的认识。人们已经从最初的天文望远镜观测发展到近距离拍摄月面地貌，最后目标是到月球表面实地取样以便准确、科学的分析研究。关于月球的认识人们还存在很多疑惑：月表的穹窿构造对我们认识月球构造与深层成分信息有哪些启发？作为月表的主要线性构造，月海海岭和山脉是否为潮汐力作用的结果？构成月球主要地貌单元的撞击坑到底能够给我们提供月壳多大深处的物质信息？对于上述一系列问题，人们采用月球物理、月球化学以及近年来较热门的月球影像地质学来综合开展研究来反映月球的构造演化历史。作为月球表面广泛分布的多世纪撞击坑，因其是月球内、外力联合机制的构造结果，加之月球表面没有大气，，使得研究现有撞击坑的几何形状可以追溯数亿年前其构造过程和成因。为了更科学、全面地描述月面撞击坑几何特征，可以从撞击坑直径大小、深度、圆度、坑唇、边缘清晰度、坑内复杂度六个方面进行描述，采用量化分级的方法建立分级标准，将其从离散的统计数据转换成具有正态分布特征的频率图，可以更为清晰的反映空间分布规律和定性质量差异，最后结合现有的月球地质图，对各月质时代区域内的撞击坑六位数因子做统计分布进而得出其统计频率图。通过得出的统计频率图来总结不同月质时代内用以反映撞击坑几何特征的六位数因子的分布范围、变化情况、成因机制。论文的主要研究内容如下：（1）研究嫦娥二号CCD影像数据预处理因嫦娥二号CCD影像数据与其他线阵传感器和卫星传感器工作原理和成像机制的不同，须对其进行了细致的预处理研究。其中包括影像去噪、坏条带的去除、光度校正、几何纠正、影像镶嵌等。（2）研究基于嫦娥二号CCD影像的撞击坑智能提取目前对撞击坑智能提取有多种方法，文章运用面向分类的思想对撞击坑进行识别和提取，具体包括图像增强、影像分割、区域生长合并以及后期处理。（3）研究撞击坑几何特征量化分级描述其中包括量化分级标准的建立和撞击坑几何特征的描述（撞击坑直径大小、深度、圆度、坑唇、边缘清晰度、坑内复杂度等）六个描述因子提出的理由以及如何定量划分等级描述撞击坑的几何特征。（4）研究撞击坑几何特征的时空分布其中包括三部分：1）运用综合探测技术得到研究区内的月质图；2）描述不同月质年代下撞击坑形态特征和影像特征及其成因；3）利用ENVI、Erdas、Arcgis和Matlab等遥感图像图象处理软件，统计分析撞击坑几何特征各描述因子的，观察并总结撞击坑的时空分布格局是否有规律可循。建立在上述研究内容的基础上，本文的创新点和研究成果如下：提出了一种基于统计规律的用于表述月表撞击坑几何特征六个描述因子的量化分级方法。对于离散的统计数据，通过确定其量化分级数量和边界可以更好的反映其变化趋势和离散程度，为进一步总结其时空分布规律提供科学的依据。在完成上述创新研究的基础上，总结研究区内不同地质年代下撞击坑几何特征的分布规律以及成因机制，为研究月球构造演化提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:Since the mid-20th century, the Apollo lunar exploration program in the United States, the Soviet Union lunar exploration program and the Chinese lunar exploration project have deepened people's view of the moon. The understanding of the moon. People have developed from the initial astronomical telescope observations to close-range photography of the lunar landform. The ultimate goal is to sample the lunar surface for accurate and scientific analysis. Some implications? Are lunar seamounts and mountains the result of tidal forces as the main linear structures of the lunar surface? How deep can the craters that make up the main landform units of the moon provide us with material information about the moon's crust? For the above-mentioned series of questions, people use lunar physics, lunar geochemistry and the more popular moon in recent years. As a multi-century impact crater widely distributed on the lunar surface, the study of the geometry of the existing impact craters can be traced back hundreds of millions of years to its tectonic process and formation due to the combination of internal and external forces and the absence of atmosphere on the lunar surface. In order to describe the geometric characteristics of the lunar impact crater more scientifically and comprehensively, the size, depth, roundness, lip, edge clarity, and the complexity of the crater can be described in six aspects. A classification standard is established by using the method of quantification classification, which can be transformed from the discrete statistical data into frequency maps with normal distribution characteristics. Finally, combined with the existing lunar geological maps, the statistical distribution of the six-digit factors of impact craters in different lunar epochs is made and the statistical frequency maps are obtained. The distribution, variation and cause mechanism of digit factor are as follows:
(1) research on preprocessing of Chang e two CCD image data
Because the Chang'e-2 CCD image data is different from other linear array sensors and satellite sensors in working principle and imaging mechanism, it is necessary to carry out detailed pretreatment research, including image denoising, bad stripe removal, photometric correction, geometric correction, image mosaic and so on.
(2) research on intelligent extraction of crater based on Chang e two CCD image.
At present, there are many methods for intelligent extraction of impact craters. In this paper, classification-oriented method is used to recognize and extract impact craters, including image enhancement, image segmentation, region growth and merging, and post-processing.
(3) quantifying and classifying the geometrical characteristics of impact craters.
It includes the establishment of the quantitative classification standard and the description of the geometric characteristics of the impact crater (the size, depth, roundness, lip, edge clarity, complexity of the crater, etc.) of the six descriptive factors and how to quantitatively classify the geometric characteristics of the impact crater.
(4) the temporal and spatial distribution of the geometric characteristics of impact craters.
It includes three parts: 1) obtaining the lunar maps of the study area by comprehensive exploration technology; 2) describing the morphological characteristics and image characteristics of impact craters and their causes in different lunar age; 3) using ENVI, Erdas, Arcgis and Matlab remote sensing image processing software, statistical analysis of the impact crater geometric characteristics of each description factor, observation and summary Are there any rules for the temporal and spatial distribution pattern of craters?
Based on the above research contents, the innovation and research results in this paper are as follows:
A quantitative classification method based on statistical law is proposed to describe six describing factors of the geometric characteristics of the lunar impact crater.
On the basis of the above innovative research, this paper summarizes the distribution regularity and genetic mechanism of the impact crater geometric characteristics in different geological ages in the study area, and provides a new idea for the study of the lunar tectonic evolution.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：P184.6

【参考文献】