基于“DEM”的月球撞击坑判识方法研究

发布时间：2018-09-14 15:42

【摘要】：月表形貌特征研究一直是贯穿近几十年月球探测计划的关键任务之一,撞击坑作为月球表面最为典型的地貌单元和最基本的地貌形态,也一直是月表形貌特征研究的热点。对撞击坑进行正确的识别和提取可为研究月球现状和演化历史提供直接证据,可为研究撞击坑的形成机制、撞击效应等提供丰富的信息,其研究水平在一定程度上可以作为月球探测成功与否的标志之一。国内外在基于遥感影像进行撞击坑判识方面的研究已较为成熟,而基于“DEM”(数字月球表面模型)判识撞击坑的研究成果相对较少,“DEM”往往被作为辅助数据用于基于影像的撞击坑判识研究中。目前适用于地球的地形地貌提取方法对于月球撞击坑判识的适用性和有效性还未得到验证,因而基于“DEM”判识月球撞击坑的方法和技术并不成熟。本文通过分析月球撞击坑形态要素的特征及撞击坑在月表的空间分布特征,从形态特征角度对月球撞击坑进行了分类,讨论了撞击坑形态特征在嫦娥一号“DEM”上的表现；详细阐述了现有地形地貌特征提取方法的技术内涵,并基于月球撞击坑的形态结构特征,对现有的基于“DEM”的地形地貌提取方法做了较详细的比较分析,讨论了将其应用于月球撞击坑判识的适用程度；继而提出了融合月球撞击坑形态和空间特征的撞击坑判识方法；设计了完整的判识流程,对判识流程执行过程中几个难点问题给出了有效的处理方法；最后,通过对比分析、精度评价等手段分析了该方法对于月球撞击坑判识的适用性和有效性。实验结果表明,该方法可以准确确定撞击坑的空间位置和数量、有效的判识撞击坑的环形坑唇线、准确的表达撞击坑二维空间形态特征。本文所研究的基于“DEM”对撞击坑进行正确判识的方法,将加深人们对于月球形貌的认识和理解,同时,对于研究月球岩石构造、估算月表年龄、探测器软着陆地点的修正、反演月壤厚度、恢复月球起源和演化历史等都具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The study of lunar surface topography has been one of the key tasks throughout the lunar exploration program in recent decades. As the most typical geomorphological unit and the most basic geomorphological form of the lunar surface impact crater has always been a hot spot in the research of lunar surface topography. The correct identification and extraction of impact craters can provide direct evidence for the study of the present situation and evolution history of the moon, and provide abundant information for the study of the formation mechanism of impact craters, the impact effects, etc. To a certain extent, its research level can be used as a sign of the success of lunar exploration. The research on the recognition of impact craters based on remote sensing images at home and abroad has been more mature, but the research results based on "DEM" (Digital Moon Surface Model) are relatively few. DEM is often used as auxiliary data for image-based impact crater recognition. The applicability and validity of the topographic and geomorphologic extraction method applied to the earth to the identification of lunar impact craters has not been verified, so the methods and techniques for identifying lunar impact craters based on "DEM" are not mature. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the lunar crater morphology and the spatial distribution of the crater on the lunar surface, this paper classifies the lunar crater from the angle of morphological characteristics, and discusses the appearance of the impact crater on Chang'e No. 1 "DEM". The technical connotation of the existing topographic and geomorphological feature extraction methods is described in detail. Based on the morphological and structural features of the lunar crater, the existing topographic and geomorphologic extraction methods based on "DEM" are compared and analyzed in detail. The application of this method to the recognition of lunar impact craters is discussed, and a method of recognizing impact craters which combines the shape and spatial characteristics of lunar craters is proposed, and a complete identification process is designed. Several difficult problems in the process of identification are given. Finally, the applicability and effectiveness of this method to the identification of lunar impact craters are analyzed by means of comparative analysis and accuracy evaluation. The experimental results show that the method can accurately determine the space position and number of impact craters, effectively identify the ring crater lip lines of impact craters, and accurately express the two-dimensional spatial morphological characteristics of impact craters. The method of correct recognition of impact crater based on "DEM" studied in this paper will deepen the understanding and understanding of the lunar topography, at the same time, the correction of the study of lunar rock structure, the estimation of lunar surface age, and the location of soft landing of the probe. Inversion of lunar soil thickness and restoration of lunar origin and evolution history are of great significance.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：P184

【引证文献】