500米口径射电望远镜FAST结构安全及精度控制关键问题研究
发布时间：2018-09-18 15:06
【摘要】：FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope)是500米口径球冠状射电望远镜,是世界上正在计划及建造中最大的单体射电望远镜,开创了建造巨型射电望远镜的新模式。反射面结构是FAST最主要部分,其本质上是一个轻型的跨度超大、形式复杂、形状实时可调的高精度索网结构。历经13年的预研究,在结构方案、形态优化、变位策略等方面取得了丰硕成果。然而在前期研究中未曾深入研究的,但是对FAST将来的建造、运行以及维护有着重要影响的结构安全与精度控制关键问题,仍亟待研究和解决。这些问题的研究不仅在FAST项目建设中有着迫切的需求,而且在类似巨型射电望远镜结构中也几乎处于空白阶段,没有参考依据,因而有着广泛应用前景,具有明确的工程应用价值和理论创新意义。本文进行了如下几方面的工作: 1、FAST日照非均匀温度场模拟及效应分析 综合考虑了太阳辐射作用、阴影遮挡、空气对流换热等多种影响因素,建立了FAST真实环境下的结构温度场数值模型,其中,提出了复杂地形下FAST反射面结构日照阴影分析方法;采用时程分析方法,计算了FAST反射面结构日照非均匀温度场,在此基础上,分析了日照温度场对不同位置抛物面的面形拟合均方根RMS(Root Mean Square)的影响规律。结果表明该影响不容忽视,依据结构特性和结构日照温度场特性,提出了日照作用下反射面面形精度RMS值的有效调控方法。 2、FAST结构参数敏感性分析 总结分析了目前各种参数敏感性分析方法的优缺点,针对FAST反射面结构特点,提出基于随机抽样和相关性的参数敏感性分析方法,其中,引入了拉丁超立方抽样方法和线性相关系数显著性检验方法,解决了敏感性分析时由于大规模结构参数的随机抽样和矩阵运算而导致的计算困难问题;依据实际情况建立了各结构参数的概率统计模型,应用本文方法进行了大量计算,得出了各结构参数随机误差对反射面面形精度RMS值的影响规律。依据敏感性分析结果,提出了结构参数精度控制建议。 3、FAST结构变位疲劳性能研究 针对FAST长时巡天跟踪观测和随机独立跟踪观测的工作方式,对结构变位疲劳寿命需求进行了分析,提出了长期变位疲劳应力的计算方法,并基于MATLAB和ANSYS软件编制了相应程序,提出了疲劳全寿命应力历程的等效简化方法,编制了随机、变幅应力历程的实时雨流计数程序,基于S-N试验曲线和Miner线性累积损伤准则,对结构变位疲劳寿命进行了数值计算,获得了疲劳寿命统计分布和疲劳危险区域。研究表明:考虑安全系数2.0后,FAST结构变位疲劳寿命仍满足要求。最后进行了钢绞线和钢拉杆的疲劳试验。 4、FAST结构故障诊断与安全评定 依据FAST反射面结构特性及其主动变位工作方式,提出结构失效故障的三种基本模式,并针对性地提出了结构故障诊断方法,实现了结构故障位置的在线诊断和失效单元的离线诊断,针对反映结构安全状态的两个主要指标——结构剩余疲劳寿命与结构静力安全储备,提出了结构安全评定方法;基于MATLAB和ANSYS软件编制相应程序,进行了数值模拟分析,验证了本文所提方法的有效性。 5、FAST结构健康监测系统的开发与集成 针对FAST反射面结构特点,提出了系统构成、功能和监测内容;对各类传感器进行优化选型和测点优化布置,对数据采集硬件合理选型并提出了传输布线方案;综合利用LabVIEW、MATLAB、ANSYS、Delphi等软件平台,编制结构变位分析、结构故障诊断与安全评定等的核心模块,开发设计了FAST结构健康监测集成软件系统,实现了其自动化、可视化功能。其中,监测系统已在FAST 30m模型张拉成形试验中得到应用。
[Abstract]:FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope) is a 500-meter spherical coronal radio telescope. It is the largest single radio telescope being planned and constructed in the world. It initiates a new mode of building giant radio telescopes. The reflector structure is the most important part of FAST, and it is essentially a light-weight, super-large-span, shape and shape. After 13 years of preliminary research, great achievements have been made in structural scheme, shape optimization and positioning strategy. However, no in-depth study has been made in the previous studies, but the key issues of structural safety and precision control which have important influence on the future construction, operation and maintenance of FAST are also discussed. The research on these problems is not only in urgent need in FAST project construction, but also in the blank stage of similar giant radio telescope structure, without reference basis. Therefore, it has broad application prospects and has clear engineering application value and theoretical innovation significance. Several aspects of work:
1, simulation and effect analysis of FAST inhomogeneity temperature field
Considering the solar radiation, shadow shielding, air convection and other factors, a numerical model of the structure temperature field in the real environment of FAST is established, in which the sunshine shadow analysis method of FAST reflector structure under complex terrain is proposed, and the sunshine non-uniform temperature field of FAST reflector structure is calculated by time history analysis method. On this basis, the influence of the sunshine temperature field on the root mean square (RMS) fitting of parabolic surfaces at different locations is analyzed. The results show that the influence can not be ignored. According to the structural characteristics and the characteristics of the structural sunshine temperature field, an effective control method for the RMS value of the reflector shape accuracy under sunshine is proposed.
2, sensitivity analysis of FAST structure parameters.
The advantages and disadvantages of various parameter sensitivity analysis methods are summarized and analyzed. According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector, a parameter sensitivity analysis method based on random sampling and correlation is proposed. Latin hypercube sampling method and linear correlation coefficient significance test method are introduced to solve the problem of large-scale knot in sensitivity analysis. According to the actual situation, the probabilistic and statistical models of the structural parameters are established, and the influence of the random errors of the structural parameters on the RMS value of the reflector surface shape accuracy is obtained by using this method. Parameter accuracy control proposal.
3, fatigue performance of FAST structure.
Aiming at the working mode of FAST long-term patrol observation and random independent tracking observation, the requirement of structural dislocation fatigue life is analyzed, the calculation method of long-term dislocation fatigue stress is put forward, the corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, the equivalent simplified method of fatigue life stress history is put forward, and the stochastic method is compiled. Based on S-N test curve and Miner linear cumulative damage criterion, the statistical distribution of fatigue life and fatigue hazard zone are obtained. The results show that the fatigue life of FAST structure is still satisfied after considering the safety factor 2.0. The fatigue tests of steel strands and steel rods are carried out.
4, FAST structure fault diagnosis and safety assessment.
According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector and its active positioning mode, three basic failure modes of structure are proposed, and the method of structural fault diagnosis is put forward. The on-line fault diagnosis of structure and the off-line fault diagnosis of failure unit are realized. The two main indexes reflecting the safety state of structure, namely structural residual, are pointed out. The fatigue life and the static safety reserve of the structure are studied, and the structural safety assessment method is proposed. The corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, and the numerical simulation analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
5, the development and integration of FAST structural health monitoring system.
According to the structure characteristics of FAST reflector, the system structure, function and monitoring content are put forward; all kinds of sensors are optimized for selection and layout of measurement points; the data acquisition hardware is reasonably selected and the transmission wiring scheme is put forward; the software platforms such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, ANSYS and Delphi are comprehensively used to compile structural displacement analysis, structural fault diagnosis and distribution. The integrated software system for health monitoring of FAST structure has been developed and designed, and its automation and visualization functions have been realized. The monitoring system has been applied in the tension forming test of FAST 30m model.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：P111.44
本文编号：2248296
[Abstract]:FAST (Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope) is a 500-meter spherical coronal radio telescope. It is the largest single radio telescope being planned and constructed in the world. It initiates a new mode of building giant radio telescopes. The reflector structure is the most important part of FAST, and it is essentially a light-weight, super-large-span, shape and shape. After 13 years of preliminary research, great achievements have been made in structural scheme, shape optimization and positioning strategy. However, no in-depth study has been made in the previous studies, but the key issues of structural safety and precision control which have important influence on the future construction, operation and maintenance of FAST are also discussed. The research on these problems is not only in urgent need in FAST project construction, but also in the blank stage of similar giant radio telescope structure, without reference basis. Therefore, it has broad application prospects and has clear engineering application value and theoretical innovation significance. Several aspects of work:
1, simulation and effect analysis of FAST inhomogeneity temperature field
Considering the solar radiation, shadow shielding, air convection and other factors, a numerical model of the structure temperature field in the real environment of FAST is established, in which the sunshine shadow analysis method of FAST reflector structure under complex terrain is proposed, and the sunshine non-uniform temperature field of FAST reflector structure is calculated by time history analysis method. On this basis, the influence of the sunshine temperature field on the root mean square (RMS) fitting of parabolic surfaces at different locations is analyzed. The results show that the influence can not be ignored. According to the structural characteristics and the characteristics of the structural sunshine temperature field, an effective control method for the RMS value of the reflector shape accuracy under sunshine is proposed.
2, sensitivity analysis of FAST structure parameters.
The advantages and disadvantages of various parameter sensitivity analysis methods are summarized and analyzed. According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector, a parameter sensitivity analysis method based on random sampling and correlation is proposed. Latin hypercube sampling method and linear correlation coefficient significance test method are introduced to solve the problem of large-scale knot in sensitivity analysis. According to the actual situation, the probabilistic and statistical models of the structural parameters are established, and the influence of the random errors of the structural parameters on the RMS value of the reflector surface shape accuracy is obtained by using this method. Parameter accuracy control proposal.
3, fatigue performance of FAST structure.
Aiming at the working mode of FAST long-term patrol observation and random independent tracking observation, the requirement of structural dislocation fatigue life is analyzed, the calculation method of long-term dislocation fatigue stress is put forward, the corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, the equivalent simplified method of fatigue life stress history is put forward, and the stochastic method is compiled. Based on S-N test curve and Miner linear cumulative damage criterion, the statistical distribution of fatigue life and fatigue hazard zone are obtained. The results show that the fatigue life of FAST structure is still satisfied after considering the safety factor 2.0. The fatigue tests of steel strands and steel rods are carried out.
4, FAST structure fault diagnosis and safety assessment.
According to the structural characteristics of FAST reflector and its active positioning mode, three basic failure modes of structure are proposed, and the method of structural fault diagnosis is put forward. The on-line fault diagnosis of structure and the off-line fault diagnosis of failure unit are realized. The two main indexes reflecting the safety state of structure, namely structural residual, are pointed out. The fatigue life and the static safety reserve of the structure are studied, and the structural safety assessment method is proposed. The corresponding program is compiled based on MATLAB and ANSYS software, and the numerical simulation analysis is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
5, the development and integration of FAST structural health monitoring system.
According to the structure characteristics of FAST reflector, the system structure, function and monitoring content are put forward; all kinds of sensors are optimized for selection and layout of measurement points; the data acquisition hardware is reasonably selected and the transmission wiring scheme is put forward; the software platforms such as LabVIEW, MATLAB, ANSYS and Delphi are comprehensively used to compile structural displacement analysis, structural fault diagnosis and distribution. The integrated software system for health monitoring of FAST structure has been developed and designed, and its automation and visualization functions have been realized. The monitoring system has been applied in the tension forming test of FAST 30m model.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：P111.44
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