利用低轨卫星激光资料检验地球引力场模型的精度

发布时间：2018-11-04 11:25

【摘要】：地球引力场模型是人造卫星轨道计算中最重要的动力学模型之一.近年来国际上空间重力卫星计划取得了极大成功,相继推出了一系列新的引力场模型.从近地卫星轨道计算的角度检验了2种传统引力场模型(JGM3,EGM96)和4种新引力场模型(EIGENCHAMP05S,GGM03S,GOCE02S,EGM2008)的精度,利用4颗近地卫星的激光测距资料进行精密定轨预报,统计比较了不同模型的定轨残差和预报误差.结果表明:(1)4种新引力场模型精度基本在同一水平,对于近地卫星定轨精度普遍优于9 cm,最高达到5cm,相对于JGM3和EGM96模型有明显改善;(2)以JGM3模型为基准,EGM96模型的精度有所提高,2000年以后的4种新模型的精度则普遍提高了12%～47%(定轨)和63%(预报).70阶之前定轨精度随着模型阶次增大而提高,70阶以后定轨精度基本保持稳定,这表明对于近地卫星轨道计算而言,70阶的引力场已经能够满足厘米级的精度需求.
[Abstract]:Earth gravitational field model is one of the most important dynamic models in orbit calculation of satellite. In recent years, the international space gravity satellite program has achieved great success, and a series of new gravitational field models have been developed one after another. The accuracy of two traditional gravitational field models (JGM3,EGM96) and four new gravitational field models (EIGENCHAMP05S,GGM03S,GOCE02S,EGM2008) are tested from the point of view of orbit calculation of near-Earth satellites. The precision orbit determination prediction is carried out by using the laser ranging data of four near-Earth satellites. The orbit determination residuals and prediction errors of different models are statistically compared. The results show that: (1) the accuracy of the four new gravitational field models is basically the same, and the accuracy of orbit determination for near-Earth satellites is generally better than that of 9 cm, and up to 5 cm, which is obviously improved compared with the JGM3 and EGM96 models; (2) based on JGM3 model, the accuracy of EGM96 model is improved. The accuracy of the four new models after 2000 is generally improved by 12% 47% (orbit determination) and 63% (forecast). The accuracy of orbit determination before order 70 increases with the increase of model order, and the accuracy of orbit determination after 70 order is basically stable. This indicates that the gravitational field of order 70 can meet the precision requirement of centimeter level for the calculation of near-Earth satellite orbit.
【作者单位】：中国科学院紫金山天文台;中国科学院空间目标与碎片观测重点实验室;宇航动力学国家重点实验室;
【基金】：宇航动力学国家重点实验室开放基金资助
【分类号】：P135

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