光子、热力学与膨胀宇宙

发布时间：2019-03-12 14:48

【摘要】：基于宇宙学观测以及含宇宙常数的广义相对论场方程建立的标准宇宙模型,存在着违背物理学基本规律的疑难,提示我们需要仔细审视宇宙动力学的物理基础.例如,同实物退耦后的背景黑体辐射光子数目不再随宇宙膨胀而变化,但宇宙学红移效应导致辐射温度反比于宇宙尺度下降,则背景辐射总能量也反比于宇宙尺度而不断减少,违背了热力学第一定律,损失的宇宙背景辐射能量到哪里去了?又如,宇宙常数对应的暗能量密度不随时间变化,膨胀宇宙中物质不断被创生,总能量随宇宙膨胀趋于无穷.在宇宙学中坚持能量守恒,需要限制暗物质和暗能量的基本物理性质,其中作为零质量玻色子的光子扮演着重要角色.基于爱因斯坦场方程同时又不放弃能量守恒定律的宇宙学模型,给出了和标准模型完全不同因而可以被观测证实或证伪的演化图景:暗物质同暗能量平衡状态下的匀速膨胀才是宇宙的常态,而减速或加速膨胀只是宇宙介质相变导致的瞬态过程.近期开始出现的高精度宇宙学观测结果对标准模型提出了挑战,而有利于能量守恒宇宙模型的预期.正在进行和计划中的宇宙学观测将最终判定2类模型,并且推动基本物理的发展.
[Abstract]:The standard cosmic model based on cosmological observation and generalized relative field equation with cosmological constants is difficult to violate the basic laws of physics, which suggests that we need to carefully examine the physical basis of cosmic dynamics. For example, the number of radiative photons in the background blackbody after decoupling from the physical object no longer changes with the expansion of the universe, but the cosmological redshift effect causes the radiation temperature to fall inversely to the cosmic scale, and the total radiation energy of the background radiation decreases inversely with the cosmic scale. In violation of the first law of thermodynamics, where is the lost cosmic background radiation energy? For example, the density of dark energy corresponding to the universe constant does not change with time, and the matter in the expanding universe is constantly created, and the total energy tends to infinity with the expansion of the universe. In cosmology, it is necessary to restrict the basic physical properties of dark matter and dark energy, in which photons play an important role as zero-mass bosons. Based on the cosmological model of Einstein's field equation without abandoning the law of conservation of energy, The evolution picture is given, which is completely different from the standard model and thus can be verified by observations or falsified: the constant expansion of dark matter and dark energy is the normal state of the universe. Deceleration or accelerated expansion is only a transient process caused by the phase transition of the cosmic medium. Recent high-precision cosmological observations have challenged the standard model and are conducive to the expectation of an energy-conserving cosmic model. Ongoing and planned cosmological observations will ultimately determine two types of models and promote the development of basic physics.
【作者单位】：中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理重点实验室;清华大学物理系清华大学天体物理中心;中国科学院大学物理科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(11033003)资助
【分类号】：P159

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