CCD型X射线探测器性能研究
发布时间：2019-04-03 08:19
【摘要】：地球大气对天体的高能射线有强烈的吸收作用,所以相应的观测必须在大气层外进行,为此人类发展了高空气球、探空火箭和卫星等观测手段。1970年美国发射的第一颗X射线天文卫星"Uhuru"对高能天体辐射进行观测,开创了空间高能天文的新领域。利用探索宇宙新窗口寻求物理科学的突破是二十一世纪自然科学的一个重要前沿,国际上以研究宇宙大尺度结构的特性和早期宇宙、黑洞的形成和演化为出发点,展开了新空间天文探测设备的研制热潮。硬X射线比普通X射线的能量更高,具有更强的穿透能力,是研究早期宇宙和黑洞性质的关键能段。目前,美国的SWIFT卫星和欧洲的INTEGRAL卫星已对全天或者部分天区进行了硬X射线巡天成像观测,但是这两个仪器的本底强、灵敏度不够高,需要更好的X射线巡天观测。 硬X射线调制望远镜(HXMT)卫星应用我们科学家发展的直接调制解调方法,将实现宽波段X射线(1-250keV)巡天成像,其中20-250keV的巡天观测具有世界最高的灵敏度和空间分辨率。HXMT巡天将发现大批超大质量黑洞和其他高能天体,研究宇宙硬X射线背景辐射的性质；另外,HXMT具有较好的时间响应,可以观测黑洞双星等天体的硬X射线快速光变,用于研究黑洞附近强引力场中的物质的动力学、粒子加速和辐射过程。HXMT还将引导我国地面天文设备对高能天文开展多波段联合观测,实现地面中小型望远镜在天体物理前沿的一流观测。 低能X射线望远镜(Low Energy X-ray Telescope; LE)是HXMT卫星有效载荷的分系统,其基本功能是在软X射线(1.0-15keV)能段探配合高能X射线望远镜进行巡天及定点观测。很多天体如X射线双星、活动星系核、超新星遗迹、星系团等发射的热谱主要集中在软X射线能段,而幂率谱(如同步辐射谱)在软X射线能段的辐射也比较强,很多组成天体的重要元素(如Mg、Si、 Ca、Fe)的X射线荧光辐射都集中在这一能段,银河系及天体自身的中性氢吸收也主要靠这一能段来测量。工作在软X射线能段的LE,因其具有目前相同能段国际最大面积的探测器阵列,同时拥有高能量分辨,对研究HXMT观测天体的辐射机制、温度、组成元素、辐射区域的结构等方面都有其它能段不可替代的重要作用。 本文对低能X射线望远镜的探测器CCD236的性能进行了比较详尽的研究,主要包括质子辐照、带电粒子响应、能量线性、能量分辨、温度特性、性能一致性等。为低能X射线望远镜的地面标定任务摸索试验流程,为以后的鉴定件、正样件的标定工作奠定基础。
[Abstract]:The Earth's atmosphere has a strong absorption effect on the high-energy rays of celestial bodies, so the corresponding observations must be carried out outside the atmosphere. For this reason, human beings have developed high-altitude balloons. In 1970, the first X-ray astronomical satellite "Uhuru" launched by the United States observed the radiation of high-energy celestial bodies, which opened up a new field of space-based high-energy astronomy. It is an important frontier of natural science in the 21 century to search for a breakthrough in physical science by using the new window of exploration of the universe. The international starting point is to study the characteristics of the large-scale structure of the universe and the early universe and the formation and evolution of black holes. The development of new space astronomical detection equipment has been carried out. The hard X-ray has higher energy and stronger penetrating ability than the ordinary X-ray, which is the key energy segment to study the properties of the early universe and black hole. At present, the SWIFT satellite in the United States and the INTEGRAL satellite in Europe have carried out hard X-ray survey imaging observations in the whole or part of the sky region. However, the background of the two instruments is strong and the sensitivity is not high enough, so they need better X-ray survey observations. Using the direct modulation and demodulation method developed by our scientists, the hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) satellite will achieve wide-band X-ray (1-250keV) survey imaging. 20-250keV will find a large number of supermassive black holes and other high-energy objects to study the properties of cosmic hard X-ray background radiation. In addition, HXMT has a good time response and can be used to study the dynamics of matter in the strong gravitational field near the black hole by observing the hard X-ray fast optical variation of the binary objects in the black hole. HXMT will also guide the ground astronomical equipment to carry out multi-band joint observation of high-energy astronomy and realize the first-class observation of ground-based small and medium-sized telescopes at the front of astrophysics. The low-energy X-ray telescope (Low Energy X-ray Telescope; LE) is a subsystem of the payload of HXMT satellite. Its basic function is to survey the sky and observe the site in soft X-ray (1.0-15keV) and high-energy X-ray telescopes. The thermal spectra of many celestial bodies, such as X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, supernova remnants, and galactic clusters, are mainly concentrated in the soft X-ray energy region, and the radiation of power-law spectra (such as synchrotron radiation spectra) is also stronger in the soft X-ray energy region. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) radiation of many important elements (such as Mg,Si, Ca,Fe) of celestial bodies is concentrated in this energy region, and the neutral hydrogen absorption of the Milky way and the celestial body itself is also measured by this energy band. The LE, operating in the soft X-ray energy region has the largest array of detectors in the world with the same energy range at present, and also has high energy resolution to study the radiation mechanism, temperature and composition elements of the objects observed by HXMT. The structure of radiation region plays an irreplaceable role in other energy segments. In this paper, the performance of low energy X-ray telescope detector CCD236 is studied in detail, including proton irradiation, charged particle response, energy linearity, energy resolution, temperature characteristics, performance consistency and so on. For the low energy X-ray telescope ground calibration mission to explore the experimental process, for the future identification, sample calibration work laid a foundation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P172
[Abstract]:The Earth's atmosphere has a strong absorption effect on the high-energy rays of celestial bodies, so the corresponding observations must be carried out outside the atmosphere. For this reason, human beings have developed high-altitude balloons. In 1970, the first X-ray astronomical satellite "Uhuru" launched by the United States observed the radiation of high-energy celestial bodies, which opened up a new field of space-based high-energy astronomy. It is an important frontier of natural science in the 21 century to search for a breakthrough in physical science by using the new window of exploration of the universe. The international starting point is to study the characteristics of the large-scale structure of the universe and the early universe and the formation and evolution of black holes. The development of new space astronomical detection equipment has been carried out. The hard X-ray has higher energy and stronger penetrating ability than the ordinary X-ray, which is the key energy segment to study the properties of the early universe and black hole. At present, the SWIFT satellite in the United States and the INTEGRAL satellite in Europe have carried out hard X-ray survey imaging observations in the whole or part of the sky region. However, the background of the two instruments is strong and the sensitivity is not high enough, so they need better X-ray survey observations. Using the direct modulation and demodulation method developed by our scientists, the hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (HXMT) satellite will achieve wide-band X-ray (1-250keV) survey imaging. 20-250keV will find a large number of supermassive black holes and other high-energy objects to study the properties of cosmic hard X-ray background radiation. In addition, HXMT has a good time response and can be used to study the dynamics of matter in the strong gravitational field near the black hole by observing the hard X-ray fast optical variation of the binary objects in the black hole. HXMT will also guide the ground astronomical equipment to carry out multi-band joint observation of high-energy astronomy and realize the first-class observation of ground-based small and medium-sized telescopes at the front of astrophysics. The low-energy X-ray telescope (Low Energy X-ray Telescope; LE) is a subsystem of the payload of HXMT satellite. Its basic function is to survey the sky and observe the site in soft X-ray (1.0-15keV) and high-energy X-ray telescopes. The thermal spectra of many celestial bodies, such as X-ray binaries, active galactic nuclei, supernova remnants, and galactic clusters, are mainly concentrated in the soft X-ray energy region, and the radiation of power-law spectra (such as synchrotron radiation spectra) is also stronger in the soft X-ray energy region. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) radiation of many important elements (such as Mg,Si, Ca,Fe) of celestial bodies is concentrated in this energy region, and the neutral hydrogen absorption of the Milky way and the celestial body itself is also measured by this energy band. The LE, operating in the soft X-ray energy region has the largest array of detectors in the world with the same energy range at present, and also has high energy resolution to study the radiation mechanism, temperature and composition elements of the objects observed by HXMT. The structure of radiation region plays an irreplaceable role in other energy segments. In this paper, the performance of low energy X-ray telescope detector CCD236 is studied in detail, including proton irradiation, charged particle response, energy linearity, energy resolution, temperature characteristics, performance consistency and so on. For the low energy X-ray telescope ground calibration mission to explore the experimental process, for the future identification, sample calibration work laid a foundation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：P172
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
1 高昶;张洋洋;洪国同;杨彦佶;;低能同步辐射CCD冷却系统设计与实验研究[J];低温工程;2013年05期
2 王于仨;杨彦佶;陈勇;刘晓艳;崔苇苇;徐玉朋;李成奎;李茂顺;韩大炜;陈田祥;霍嘉;王娟;李炜;胡渭;张艺;陆波;尹国和;朱s，
本文编号：2453062
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