一种折轴反射式天文光学望远镜的装调

发布时间：2019-04-29 12:07

【摘要】：非球面具有二次系数,相比球面增加了调整变量,因此可以提高光学系统的成像质量,可以设计出各种性能优异、复杂的反射式光学系统。非球面的使用可以使得光学系统口径做得很大,但也同时增加了光学系统装调的难度,高精度非球面光学系统的装调是非球面光学系统得到广泛应用的关键。本文基于某型号非球面折反式RC望远系统,针对如何实现系统高精度精密装调进行研究,其中包括非球面反射镜的微应力装配、非球面反射镜光学定中心技术、基于光轴替代设计的系统立式穿心以及基于干涉自准检验的计算机辅助装调技术。通过以上技术研究及实验,实现焦距为560mm、口径为150mmRC望远光学系统的精密装调,最终系统波像差RMS可达到0.05λ。本论文主要完成几项工作1.建立了系统波像差与Zernike多项式之间的关系,为计算机辅助装调提供理论依据；通过分析RC系统失调像差特性得出系统装调过程中必须测量多个视场的像差来保证RC系统全视场内的成像质量。2.介绍了非球面反射镜面形的两种检测方法,分别是无像差点检测以及补偿法检测；通过分析反射镜面形误差对光学系统像差的影响,得出在反射镜装配时必须保证反射镜面形精度；并针对反射镜的四种支撑方式进行了微应力装配关键技术的研究,提出各种支撑方式下实现微应力装配的关键注意事项。3.针对实际RC望远系统,根据其光路以及结构的特点,设计巧妙的光轴替代工装并结合立式定心技术实现了系统高精度的穿心工作；对于非球面反射镜的光学定心加工,采用反射镜球心像晃动量与反射镜端面跳动量双向指标的控制要求；并基于干涉自准检验,根据干涉信息处理得到的系统波像差信息,得到系统的失调方向及失调量,并对系统进行相应的调整。
[Abstract]:The aspherical surface has quadratic coefficient, so the imaging quality of the optical system can be improved by increasing the adjustment variables compared with the spherical surface, and various reflective optical systems with excellent performance and complexity can be designed. The use of aspherical surface can make the aperture of optical system do a lot, but it also increases the difficulty of optical system assembly. High precision aspheric optical system assembly is the key to the wide application of aspheric optical system. Based on a certain type of aspherical folded-trans RC remote system, this paper studies how to realize the high-precision assembly of the system, including the micro-stress assembly of aspherical reflector, the optical centralization technology of aspherical reflector, and so on. Vertical piercing system based on optical axis substitution design and computer-aided assembly technology based on interference self-precision test. Through the above-mentioned technical research and experiment, the precision installation of the optical system with 560mm focal length and 150mmRC aperture is realized. Finally, the wave aberration RMS of the system can reach 0.05位. This paper mainly completes several work 1. The relationship between system wave aberration and Zernike polynomial is established, which provides a theoretical basis for computer-aided assembly. By analyzing the misaligned aberrations of the RC system, it is concluded that the aberrations of multiple fields of view must be measured in the process of installation of the system to ensure the imaging quality of the RC system in the whole field of view. 2. This paper introduces two kinds of testing methods for aspherical mirror shape, which are non-image-free and compensation-free. By analyzing the influence of reflection mirror shape error on aberration of optical system, it is concluded that the precision of reflection mirror shape must be guaranteed when the mirror is assembled. The key technology of micro-stress assembly is studied according to the four support modes of mirror, and the key points for realizing micro-stress assembly under various support modes are put forward. 3. The key points for realizing micro-stress assembly under various support modes are put forward. According to the characteristics of the optical path and structure of the actual RC remote system, an ingenious optical axis replacement tool is designed and combined with the vertical centring technology to realize the high precision piercing work of the system. For the optical centering machining of aspheric mirror, the control requirements of the two-way index of the spherical image sloshing and the jump momentum of the reflector end face are adopted. Based on the interference self-quasi test, the misalignment direction and misalignment of the system are obtained by processing the information of the system wave aberration, and the system is adjusted accordingly.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TH751

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