太阳黑子的世纪周期以及太阳较差自转的研究

发布时间：2019-06-12 08:35

【摘要】： 本文研究了太阳物理中的两个重要问题,一个是太阳活动的长周期,另一个是太阳的较差自转。这两个问题之间有着密切的联系。太阳活动周期的研究已经有150多年的历史了。太阳黑子是太阳活动的最主要的标志,其他活动现象都与黑子有密切关系。太阳活动具有极其复杂的周期性,其中太阳黑子的11年周期已是不争的观测事实。随着观测数据的不断丰富和分析方法的提高,太阳黑子的世纪周期也已经得到人们广泛认可。但是,人们对于世纪周期长度的变化,以及对世纪周期是如何影响到11年周期活动变化的认识还不够充分。我们利用300多年的年均黑子数,通过傅里叶分析和小波分析的方法进一步研究了太阳黑子的世纪周期。结果不仅证实了前人所得出的一些结果,更重要的是得到了在这300多年里世纪周期的长度变化的趋势。世纪周期对11年周期有调制作用,处在世纪周期谷期的太阳活动周都是比较弱的周。我们找出这300多年中处在世纪周期谷期的6个太阳周,并论证了2008年开始的第24周和将来的25周应该也是处在世纪周期的谷期。最后通过谷期活动周活动水平的相似性,预报了第24、25周极小年和极大年的活动水平。太阳是由等离子体组成的气体球,它的自转角速度呈现出一种随着纬度和深度变化的较差自转。我们通过太阳光球磁场的综合磁图,第一次给出了太阳光球正场、负场和总场的经度时间图,然后通过经度时间图上的一些磁结构的斜率,求出了太阳表面不同纬度上不同极性磁场的自转速度。此外我们还研究了正场与负场自转速度的差别随着纬度的变化规律。太阳的较差自转是太阳发电机理论最主要的动力学基础,太阳内部不均匀的自转使太阳的极向场转换成环向场,磁场的缠绕使得太阳内部的磁场逐渐增强,汇集了强磁场的磁流管浮现出光球就形成了太阳黑子。太阳周期变化的磁场是太阳周期性活动的本质原因,通过对太阳光球磁场自转速度变化的研究,有利于揭示太阳活动周期性的物理本质。本文的研究工作所得的主要结果详细如下: 1、通过对1700-2008年的年均黑子数资料,利用傅里叶分析和小波分析的方法,证实了年均黑子数存在着显著的11年周期和100年左右的世纪周期。并且每个太阳周极大年、极小年的黑子数的平滑值,以及每个活动周的年均黑子数总和都存在着约为百年的世纪周期。另外通过小波分析还研究了世纪周期长度的变化,我们估计世纪周期长度的变化是一种更长尺度的太阳周期活动。 2、通过300多年里的世纪周期长度的变化,我们推测第24、25太阳周处于世纪周期的谷期,因此第24、25周的极大年和极小年的黑子数都会很低,与历史上的第-4、-3、5、6周相似。通过对不同世纪周期的谷期求平均的方法,我们预测第24、25周的极大年的黑子数为63.6±21.1,极小年的黑子数为2.2±2.1。其中我们对第24周极小年黑子数的预测值与2008年的实际年均黑子数相差在±1的范围内。 3、利用第21-23周的综合磁图第一次构造出了不同纬度不同极性磁场的经度时间,然后根据这些经度时间图计算出第21-23周的正负磁场和总磁场的平均自转速度。我们发现在每个活动周和每个半球都是前导极性的自转速度快于后随极性的自转速度,总磁场的自转速度介于这两者之间。同时还可以看出,在第22周,自转速度在不同半球有着明显的不对称性。 4、计算出第21-23周中前导与后随极性磁场自转速度的差别。我们发现这种差别随着纬度有微小的变化,在赤道附近这种差别很小,在5°-20°之间,达到0.05 deg/day左右,在高于20°以后,这种差别又逐渐减小。这与Gilman和Howard在1985用黑子所得出的结果不同,他们认为前导与后随黑子的自转速度差别不随纬度而变化。本文利用年均黑子数据虽然得出很好的统计结果,由于有连续记载的黑子数据只有300多年,用这些数据来研究世纪周期还比较短,对于做统计工作来说样本太少会影响预报结果的精确度。本文利用交叉相关的方法通过光球磁场得到了很好的较差自转的结果,但是对于测量较高纬度区域的自转速度,我们的方面还有待于进一步的改进。
[Abstract]:In this paper, two important problems in the sun physics are studied, one is the long period of the solar activity and the other is the poor rotation of the sun. There is a close link between the two issues. The solar activity cycle has been studied for more than 150 years The sunspot is the most important symbol of the solar activity, and other activities are closely related to the sunspots. The solar activity has an extremely complex periodicity, in which the 11-year cycle of the sunspot is an undisputed view. With the continuous enrichment of the observation data and the improvement of the analytical method, the period of the sunspot has also been widely accepted universal recognition. However, the change in the length of the twenty-first century, and how the period of the twenty-first century has affected the change in the 11-year cycle, does not It is sufficient. We have used more than 300 years of average annual sunspot number, and further study the world of sunspot by means of Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis. The results not only confirm some of the results obtained by the predecessors, but also the length of the period over the course of the more than 300 years The period of the twenty-first century has a modulating effect on the 11-year period, compared with the cycle of the solar activity in the period of the first-century period. The weak week. We found the six solar weeks in the mid-century period in the 300 years, and demonstrated that the 24-week and the future 25-week period from 2008 should also be a century-old. At the end of the valley, the 24,25-week, and great-year activities were predicted by the similarity of the level of activity in the valley. The level of motion. The sun is a gas ball consisting of a plasma, and its self-rotation speed is presented as a function of latitude and depth. In this paper, we first give the longitudinal time map of the positive field, the negative field and the total field of the solar optical ball through the comprehensive magnetic chart of the magnetic field of the solar optical ball, and then the slope of some magnetic structures on the longitude time chart is used to find out the different polarities of the different latitudes of the surface of the sun. The rotation speed of the magnetic field is also studied, and the difference of the rotation speed of the positive field and the negative field is also studied. The variation law of the latitude is the most important dynamic foundation of the theory of the sun-generator, and the non-uniform rotation of the sun causes the polar field of the sun to be converted into a ring-directed field, and the winding of the magnetic field The magnetic field inside the sun is gradually enhanced, collecting the magnetic flow tube of the strong magnetic field to emerge. The sun spot is formed by the light-out ball. The magnetic field of the solar periodic change is the intrinsic reason of the solar periodic activity. The study of the change of the rotation speed of the magnetic field of the solar optical ball is beneficial to the disclosure. The physical nature of the periodicity of the yang activity. The main results of the research work are as follows:1. By using the data of the average annual sunspot number of the 1700-2008, the method of Fourier analysis and wavelet analysis is used to confirm that the number of the annual sunspots is significant. A period of 11 years and a period of about 100 years, and the smooth value of the number of sunspots in the very small year and the year of each week of activity for each solar week. The sum of the number of sunspots is about a century of a century. In addition, the change of the length of the century is also studied by the wavelet analysis, and we estimate the period of the first century. the change in length is a longer-scale activity of the sun. With the change in the length of the twenty-first century over the course of more than 300 years, we speculate that the 24,25 solar cycle is in the valley of the twenty-first period, so the number of sunspots in the 24,25 and the very small years It's very low, similar to the first-fourth,-3,5, and 6-week history of history. By averaging the valley during the different century, we predict that the maximum number of sunspots in the 24th and twenty-five weeks is 63. .6-21.1, the number of sunspots in the very small year is 2.2%. The prediction value of the number of sunspots in the 24-week minimum compared with the actual annual sunspot number in 2008, the number of sunspots is in the range of 1.3, the longitude time of different polar magnetic fields with different latitude is first constructed by using the combined magnetic chart of the 21st-23 week, and then, according to the longitude and time, The average rotation speed of the positive and negative magnetic fields and the total magnetic field is calculated in the figures 21-23. We find that the rotation speed of the leading polarity is the leading polarity at each active cycle and each hemisphere And the rotation speed of the total magnetic field is between the two. It can be seen that at the 22nd week, the rotation speed has a distinct asymmetry in the different hemisphere. 4. The difference of the rotation speed of the leading and trailing polarity magnetic fields in the 21-23 week is calculated. We find that this difference varies slightly with the latitude, and this difference is very small in the vicinity of the equator and between 5 掳 and 20 掳, reaching 0. At about 0.05 deg/ day, this difference is gradually reduced after more than 20 掳. This is compared with Gilman and Howard's in 1985 sunspots. The result is that the difference of the rotation speed of the leading and the back sunspots does not change with the latitude. The period of the study is also short, and the sample is too small for statistical work to affect the accuracy of the forecast results.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：P182.9

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