双基地高频地波雷达飞行目标高度估计研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 04:36

本文关键词：双基地高频地波雷达飞行目标高度估计研究　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：高频地波雷达(HFSWR)能够超视距探测海上舰船和飞机目标，对于我国海防和海上交通管制现代化建设具有重要意义。由于HFSWR构成仰角窄波束困难，不能直接提供飞行目标高度信息，因而无法判别飞行目标的高度属性，即无法判别目标的视距/超视距属性。针对单基地HFSWR目标飞行高度估计精度低、不稳定、可信度差的问题，本研究提出双基地HFSWR飞行目标高度估计新方法，重点研究飞行目标高度属性判别和高度估计算法，推动本成果在飞行目标类型识别和目标威胁度估计等领域的应用。本文主要研究内容如下： 1.首先理论分析垂直极化电磁波传播衰减基本原理。基于Rotheram传播衰减模型，，重点研究垂直极化电磁波在低空区域和高空区域上的传播衰减特征。目标信号回波强度是与低空飞行目标高度估计有关的重要信息，目标RCS作为影响目标飞行高度估计精度的重要参量，本文还对高频地波雷达飞行目标RCS随姿态角的变化特征进行研究。 2.双基地高频地波雷达低空飞行目标高度估计研究。传统低空飞行目标高度估计模型在高度上是不完全可观测的，导致高度估计存在多解问题。本研究将感兴趣的高度区间划分为多个高度子区间，每个高度子区间上构建一个不存在多解问题的滤波模型，最后通过加权求和得到高度估计结果。针对目标RCS起伏问题，本研究利用AR模型对目标RCS起伏分量建模，减小目标RCS起伏对高度估计的影响。 3.基于斜距、方位和信号回波强度信息的高空飞行目标高度估计研究。目标在高空飞行状态下一般飞行高度较高，电波传播衰减在高度方向上变化很小。因而信号回波强度不能应用于目标飞行高度估计。因此，本研究利用T/R站和R站接收到的目标斜距、方位和信号回波强度构建高空飞行目标高度组合估计算法。在该高度估计算法中，利用目标斜距和方位信息估计目标飞行高度，利用信号回波强度信息估计目标RCS。 4.飞行目标高度属性判别与高度估计研究。本研究目的是在判别目标视距/超视距属性的同时，并估计目标飞行高度信息。目前的飞行目标高度估计方法只能适用于高空或低空飞行目标，而且假定目标的视距/超视距属性是已知的。但是在真实场景下，目标高度属性信息是未知的。因此，本研究利用目标高度属性判别与高度估计相互依赖、相互影响的特点，提出一种目标高度属性判别与高度估计算法。该算法估计出目标具体飞行高度信息，并根据目标高度信息和距离信息判别目标的视距/超视距属性。 5.高频地波雷达飞行目标高度属性判别算法。在工程应用中，最为关心的是希望能够直接、快速判别目标的高度属性信息(视距/超视距属性信息)，这远比估计目标的具体飞行高度更有实际应用意义。基于上述工程设计思想，本研究重点解决高频地波雷达飞行目标的高度属性判别问题，构建目标高度属性判别算法和准则，并提出一种高度属性可信度计算方法。此外，针对信号回波强度存在固定偏差问题，本研究提出一种基于余弦相似度的高度属性判别可信度计算方法，从而减小信号回波强度固定偏差的影响。
[Abstract]:High frequency ground wave radar (HFSWR) to oth detection ship and aircraft, has important significance for China's coastal and maritime traffic control modernization. Because HFSWR elevation narrow beam is difficult, can not directly provide flight target height information, and thus cannot be sentenced to height of the flying target don't, is unable to distinguish the target line of sight / super the horizon properties. The monostatic HFSWR target altitude estimation accuracy is low and unstable, poor credibility problems, this study proposes a bistatic HFSWR flight target height estimation method, focuses on the flight target height and height estimation algorithm of attribute discrimination, promote the application of the results in flight target recognition and target threat degree estimation etc. the main research contents of this paper are as follows:
1. theoretical analysis of vertical polarization electromagnetic wave propagation attenuation principle. Rotheram propagation model based on the attenuation characteristics of focus on the propagation of vertical polarization electromagnetic wave in the low altitude region and high altitude area. The target echo signal intensity and low altitude target height estimation is important information about the target RCS as a target altitude estimation accuracy of important parameters in this paper, the high frequency ground wave radar flight target RCS changes with the attitude angle was studied.
Study on the height of the estimated 2. bistatic radar low altitude targets. The traditional low altitude target height estimation model is not completely observable in height, resulting in height estimation in the presence of multiple solutions. The height of interval division this study will be of interest to a height of a sub interval, without filtering model of multi solution problem the height of each building sub interval, the weighted sum of height estimation results. According to the target RCS fluctuation problem, this study uses the AR model to target RCS fluctuation component modeling, reduce RCS fluctuation effect on height estimation.
3. based on the slant distance of high-altitude flight height estimation target azimuth and echo intensity information. The target is flying at high altitude under high altitude, wave propagation attenuation in the height direction change is very small. So the echo signal strength can not be applied to the target altitude estimation. Therefore, this study uses T/R station and R station receiving the target slant range, azimuth and altitude of target echo signal strength to construct highly combined estimation algorithm. In the height estimation algorithm, using the target slant range and azimuth information estimation of target altitude estimation, target echo signal strength information using RCS.
4. flight target height discrimination research and height estimation. The purpose of this study was to determine the target horizon / oth attribute at the same time, and estimate the target altitude information. The flight target height estimation method can only be applied to flight altitude or low altitude targets, and assumes that the target horizon / oth attribute is known but. In the real scene, the height of the target attribute information is unknown. Therefore, this study using the target height attribute discrimination and mutual dependence height estimation, the characteristics of interaction, provides a target height estimation. Height discrimination and estimate the target specific flight height information of the algorithm, and according to the target height and distance information the identification of target Los / oth attribute.
5. classification algorithm for monostatic HFGWR height. In engineering application, the most concern is to be able to direct, highly attribute information rapid identification of target (Los / NLOS attribute information), the actual application of this than the estimated target specific flight height is more significant. The design project based on height discrimination this study focused on solving the problem of monostatic HFGWR, constructing target height attribute identification algorithm and criterion, calculation method and put forward a kind of high credibility attributes. In addition, the echo signal intensity in fixed deviation problem, this paper presents a calculation method of reliability discriminant height attributes based on cosine similarity, thereby reducing the impact echo signal the strength of fixed deviation.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN958

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