稀布平面阵列天线的优化设计研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 08:04

本文关键词：稀布平面阵列天线的优化设计研究　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：稀布阵列天线可利用更少的天线单元对相同孔径下的均匀阵列天线性能进行逼近,从而降低成本;在天线数目相同的条件下,具有更窄的主波束宽度,增强系统性能;同时阵元间距的增大使得阵元间的互耦效应减弱;另外,稀布天线阵列的设计可以使得馈电网络得到简化,降低系统复杂度。以上各优点使得稀布阵列天线颇具实用性,特别是天线增益要求不高,同时又需要窄的波束宽度的工程应用中得到越来越多的应用。阵元数目的减少会使得旁瓣电平提高,为了解决高旁瓣电平的问题,因此需要对稀布阵列天线的阵元位置和激励进行优化。本文研究的是给定阵列形状前提下,对阵元数目、阵元位置、电流激励的幅度和相位进行优化设计,获得尽量低峰值旁瓣电平和期望辐射方向图的稀布阵列天线。文中针对阵列孔径、阵元数目和间距多约束条件下研究了一种降维优化方法;运用矩阵束方法对稀布平面阵列天线进行优化设计。主要内容和创新之处为:1.介绍了阵列天线的基本概念,推导了阵列天线的方向图函数计算公式,并给出了用于稀布平面阵列天线的优化设计模型。2.研究了基于遗传算法的降维处理优化方法,并对同心9圆环稀布阵列进行优化设计。该方法改进了圆阵综合中阵元分布优化的不足,实现了圆环上的阵元数目和位置的同时优化,并降低了平面阵列优化方法的复杂性。3.将矩阵束方法运用于稀布线阵和稀布平面阵的优化设计中,通过低秩矩阵估计新的阵元数,重构阵元位置和激励,在一定的误差范围内逼近期望方向图。该方法是一种非迭代的方式保证全局最优,并使得计算效率显著提高。4.基于矩阵束方法研究了扩展矩阵束方法以及扩展前后向矩阵束方法,并对多波束方向图的稀布直线阵列和稀布可分离平面阵列进行优化,仿真结果证明这两种方法实现了多方向图的非均匀阵列天线优化。
[Abstract]:The sparse array antenna can use fewer antenna elements to approximate the performance of uniform array antenna with the same aperture, thus reducing the cost. Under the condition of the same number of antennas, the main beam width is narrower and the system performance is enhanced. At the same time, the mutual coupling effect between the elements is weakened with the increase of the distance between the elements. In addition, the design of thin-distributed antenna array can simplify the feed network and reduce the complexity of the system. These advantages make the thin-distributed array antenna more practical, especially the antenna gain requirements are not high. At the same time, there are more and more applications in engineering applications which need narrow beamwidth. The reduction of the number of array elements will increase the sidelobe level, in order to solve the problem of high sidelobe level. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the array element position and excitation of the thin-distributed array antenna. In this paper, the optimal design of the number of elements, the position of the array elements, the amplitude and phase of the current excitation is studied under the premise of the shape of the array. The sparse array antenna with the lowest peak sidelobe level and desired radiation pattern is obtained. In this paper, a dimension reduction optimization method is studied for the aperture, the number and the spacing of the array. The optimal design of thinly distributed planar array antenna is carried out by using matrix beam method. The main content and innovation are: 1. The basic concept of array antenna is introduced, and the formula for calculating the pattern function of array antenna is derived. The optimal design model of thin-distributed planar array antenna is given. 2. The dimension reduction optimization method based on genetic algorithm is studied. The optimization design of the concentric 9 ring sparse array is carried out. This method improves the deficiency of the array element distribution optimization in the circular array synthesis, and realizes the optimization of the number and position of the array elements on the ring at the same time. The complexity of planar array optimization method is reduced. 3. The matrix beam method is applied to the optimal design of sparse linear array and thinly distributed plane array. The new element number is estimated by low rank matrix and the position and excitation of array element is reconstructed. This method is a non-iterative method to ensure the global optimization. Based on the matrix beam method, the extended matrix beam method and the extended forward and backward matrix beam method are studied. The sparse linear array and thinly separable plane array of multi-beam pattern are optimized. The simulation results show that these two methods achieve the optimization of non-uniform array antenna of multi-beam pattern.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN820.15

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