全球定位系统中的四臂螺旋天线研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 15:31

本文关键词：全球定位系统中的四臂螺旋天线研究　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文结合相关科研项目,针对GPS四臂螺旋天线进行课题研究。随着全球定位系统技术的不断成熟和应用的普及,人们在生活中对其依赖程度逐渐提高;便携式移动导航终端得到了人们的青睐,具有高性能的小型化导航设备成为研究热点。天线是卫星定位系统接收设备的重要组成部分,其性能好坏直接影响整个设备的工作状态;因此,天线技术已成为卫星通讯研究领域的关键技术。四臂螺旋天线具有良好的辐射特性,非常适合作为卫星导航终端天线。为了提高卫星导航设备的集成度,本文对四臂螺旋天线的小型化技术做了相应研究。本文研究的具体内容包括两部分:1、陶瓷介质加载的四臂螺旋天线设计2、用于天线馈电的小型化宽频带馈电网络设计。文中详细的介绍了相关基本理论以及天线和馈电网络的设计方法。本文内容安排概括如下:首先,简述了全球定位系统的发展和研究现状;列举了几种常见的卫星终端天线结构形式和各自特点,包括:四臂螺旋天线、微带天线、十字交叉振子天线等。总结相关文献,介绍了四臂螺旋天线的研究历史和进展。接着分别对螺旋天线和四臂螺旋天线的基本结构及辐射机理做了详细介绍,为天线的设计提供了理论依据。其次,基于介电常数等于36.5的陶瓷介质柱作为加载介质,设计了一个工作频率在GPS L1频段(1575.42MHz),极化方式为右旋圆极化的小型化四臂螺旋天线。相比于一般无介质加载的四臂螺旋天线,本文所设计的天线体积非常小:高度仅为19mm,螺旋直径约10mm。文中给出了天线详细的设计过程,分析了天线结构变化对其辐射特性的影响情况。在电磁仿真软件中建立模型仿真,并对加工的天线样品进行了实测。最后,结合3d B定向耦合器和180o混合结设计了一个工作频带为1.2GHz~1.8GHz的四臂螺旋天线馈电网络。为了减小馈电网络整体尺寸,本文分别对定向耦合器和混合结做了小型化设计。其中3dB定向耦合器采用宽边耦合带状线形式,利用直角折叠螺旋结构减小耦合器体积并内埋于LTCC介质基板;混合结是基于分形思想实现小型化。所设计的馈电网络具有良好的幅度响应和相位平衡度,有助于实现四臂螺旋天线良好的圆极化特性。
[Abstract]:In this paper, combined with related scientific research, research on GPS four arm spiral antenna. With the popularity of the global positioning system technology and application, people in the life of its dependence gradually increased; the portable mobile navigation terminal has been popular, with high performance miniaturized navigation equipment antenna has become a research hotspot. Is an important part of the receiving equipment of satellite positioning system, its performance directly affects the working condition of the equipment; therefore, antenna technology has become the key technology of satellite communication research field. The four arm spiral antenna has good radiation characteristics, very suitable for the terminal antennas for satellite navigation. In order to improve the integration of satellite navigation devices. This paper researched the miniaturization technology of four arm spiral antenna. The main content of this paper includes two parts: 1, four ceramic dielectric loading 2 arm spiral antenna design, for the design of miniaturized broadband antenna feed feed network. This paper describes in detail the basic theory and design method of antenna and feed network. The contents of this paper are summarized as follows: firstly, this paper expounds the development and research status of the global positioning system; this paper lists several common satellite terminal antenna structure the form and characteristics, including: four arm spiral antenna, microstrip antenna, crossed dipole antenna. Literature review, research history and progress of four arm spiral antenna is introduced. Then four arm spiral antenna and helical antenna structure and radiation mechanism are introduced in detail. It provides a theoretical basis for design for the antenna. Secondly, the dielectric constant is equal to 36.5 of the ceramic dielectric column as the medium loading based on the design of a frequency band in the GPS L1 (1575.42MHz), polarization mode is right Small four arm spiral antenna with circular polarization. Compared to the four arm spiral antenna is usually no medium loading, the volume of the antenna is designed in this paper is very small: the height is only 19mm, the spiral diameter of 10mm. is given in this paper with the antenna design process, analyzed the change of antenna structure on the radiation characteristics of the building. The simulation model in the electromagnetic simulation software, and the processing of antenna samples are measured. Finally, combined with the 3D B directional coupler and 180o mixed node design a working frequency of four arm spiral antenna feed network 1.2GHz~1.8GHz. In order to reduce the overall size of the feed network, this paper gives a design for miniaturization of directional coupler and hybrid the 3dB directional coupler. Using broadside coupled strip line form, with the right angle folding spiral structure to reduce the coupler volume and can be embedded in the LTCC substrate; mixed node is based on Fractal The idea is miniaturization. The designed feed network has good amplitude response and phase balance, which is helpful to achieve the good circular polarization characteristics of the four arm helical antenna.

【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN823.31

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