星载激光反射层析成像关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 21:44

本文关键词：星载激光反射层析成像关键技术研究　出处：《中国科学院研究生院（上海技术物理研究所）》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：合成孔径激光成像雷达（SAIL）是获取远距离厘米量级分辨率的光学成像手段，但由于在时间和空间域中对光频信号接收和图像重构时，对光频信号的振幅、偏振、频率、时间相位和空间相位要求都非常严苛，在实际应用中有较高的难度。为了有效解决成像距离与高分辨率之间的矛盾，避免实际应用中较难实现的光频时间相位和空间相位同步问题，，本文开展了基于Computed Tomography（CT）原理的激光成像研究，激光反射层析成像技术是一种新型的远距离高精度成像手段，尤其在太空环境下，激光无大气衰减的影响，在星载平台远距离高精度监测敏感太空目标方面具有很好的应用前景。针对星载平台的激光反射层析成像关键技术研究工作在国际上属于前沿和热点研究领域，具有重大的科学意义和研究价值。论文主要针对应用于星载平台的激光反射层析成像关键技术进行了深入的研究。详细分析了透射层析和反射层析的区别，解决了反射层析数据重构图像时非合目标的投影图配准问题，设计了低噪放光电探测电路，并对微弱光电信号无失真接收。分析了绕飞卫星轨道参数及特性，最终搭建了激光反射层析成像实验平台，获得了一批宝贵的实验数据，论文详细分析设计了星载激光反射层析成像系统技术指标，为系统实际应用于星载平台奠定了基础。论文的创新点主要有以下几个方面： 1.根据激光反射层析成像原理，分析了绕飞卫星平台的定轨方法、轨道特性及卫星平台的振动特性，在模拟星载应用条件下，构建了激光反射层析成像实验平台； 2.采用跟踪激光回波峰值点和相位恢复相结合的混合投影图配准方法，建立了非合作目标的旋转中心点对准关系； 3.开展了层析成像实验研究，取得了40m距离的激光反射投影实验数据，经过滤波反投影图像重构算法处理，获得了0.15m分辨率靶标廓像。
[Abstract]:Synthetic aperture laser imaging radar (SAIL) is a long-distance optical imaging means to obtain a centimeter resolution, but because of the time and space domain of optical frequency signal receiving and image reconstruction, the amplitude of the signal frequency, light polarization, frequency, time and phase space phase requirements are very stringent, a higher degree of difficulty in in the practical application. In order to solve the contradiction between the imaging range and high resolution, avoid light phase and frequency time space phase synchronization problem is difficult to implement in practical application, this paper carried out based on Computed Tomography (CT) laser imaging principle, the laser reflection tomography is a new type of long distance and high precision imaging methods especially, in the space environment, without affecting the atmospheric attenuation of laser, has a good application prospect in carrying platform of long distance and high precision monitoring of sensitive targets in star. Space for satellite The research work on the key technology of laser reflection tomography in the platform is a frontier and hot research field in the world, which has great scientific significance and research value.
This paper mainly aims at the laser reflective tomography imaging is the key technologies used in the satellite platform are studied. A detailed analysis of the difference between the transmission tomography and reflection tomography, solves the projection registration problem non object reflection tomography data reconstruction image, the low noise electric light detection circuit design, and no distortion of receiving weak photoelectric signal. Analysis of the flying around satellite orbit parameters and characteristics, finally set up the laser reflection tomography experiment platform, obtained a number of valuable experimental data, the paper analyses and designs the spaceborne laser reflection tomography technology index system, laid the foundation for the practical application of the system on the satellite platform.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows:
1., according to the principle of laser reflection tomography, the orbit determination method, orbit characteristics and vibration characteristics of the satellite platform are analyzed. Under the condition of simulated spaceborne application, a laser reflection tomography platform is built.
2. the registration method of hybrid projection graph which combines the peak point of the laser echo and the phase recovery is used to establish the rotation center point alignment of the non cooperative target.
3., tomographic imaging experiments were carried out, and the experimental data of laser reflection projection at 40m distance were obtained. After processing the filtered back projection image reconstruction algorithm, we got the 0.15m resolution target profile.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院（上海技术物理研究所）
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52

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