基于Z7的SAR实时成像处理设计

发布时间：2018-01-12 08:42

本文关键词：基于Z7的SAR实时成像处理设计　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：合成孔径雷达(SAR)自从问世以来,经过几十年的发展,不管是在军事领域还是在民事领域,展示出了它得天独厚的优势,获得了十分广泛的应用。随着数字芯片技术和无人机相关技术的不断发展,将合成孔径雷达应用于无人机上并实现高分辨率的实时成像成为了研究的新热点。本文重点研究了基于Xilinx Zynq-7000的使用正侧视RD算法的实时成像处理技术。所取得的主要研究成果为:1.对应用于无人机载雷达的Zynq-7000芯片的技术优势进行了研究。论文从无人机发展的历史过程和合成孔径雷达的技术特点出发,结合当今世界对无人机载雷达的新要求,提出了以Zynq-7000芯片为核心的新的硬件体系。由于要求新型的无人机载雷达系统具有较小的体积、较轻的重量、较低的功耗,因此采用了Xilinx公司最新的内嵌了双核ARM的Zynq芯片,而摒弃了传统的FPGA+DSP的架构。2.对如何选择Zynq内部PL与PS之间的接口进行了研究。介绍了Zynq内部PS与PL之间的三种接口:四个AXI_GP接口,包含两个主设备接口和两个从设备接口;三个AXI_HP从设备接口,它们都是由PL来控制PS;一个AXI_ACP加速器一致性接口,也是从设备接口,同样由PL来控制PS。给出了PS与PL之间这三类接口的性能和数据吞吐量。通过五个典型的应用情形介绍了在实际中我们应该如何选择这些接口,以充分的利用Zynq-7000这个全可编程的芯片。3.对PS与PL间基于AXI-Stream总线进行数据通信的设计进行了研究。由于PS与PL之间没有符合AXI_Stream总线协议的接口,因此详细地介绍了如何在PL中创建遵守这种总线协议的IP以及其软硬件设计流程。介绍了具有AXI协议与AXI_stream协议转换的和具有高速数据传输功能AXI_DMA核。这两个IP核相互配合最终实现了PL与PS的高速数据通信,充分展示了AXI_Stream总线IP的应用范围和AXI_DMA IP在数据传输中的优势,显示出了PL作为一个PS的可重配置的外设,与普通的外设相比它的优势和区别。4.对基于Z7的SAR实时成像处理进行了系统的研究。首先介绍了该系统处理板卡的结构,说明了此系统处理板与惯导系统、伺服天线、微波模块如何相互连接、相互配合。接着详细地叙述了整个雷达系统的工作流程、信号在板卡上的流动方向。介绍了系统的RD成像算法的详细流程以及整个算法在多核之间的分配与映射。最后介绍了在实际调试过程中发现整个成像算法达不到实时性要求的情况下如何进行算法加速、优化,最终实现了实时地处理。结果表明基于Xilinx Zynq-7000的微型SAR系统因其具备的高标准性,具有很强的实用性和很好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Since its inception, synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has demonstrated its unique advantages in both military and civilian fields after decades of development. With the development of digital chip technology and UAV related technology. The application of synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to UAV and the realization of high-resolution real-time imaging have become a new research hotspot. This paper focuses on the research based on Xilinx. The real time imaging processing technology of Zynq-7000 is based on the forward looking Rd algorithm. The main research results are as follows:. 1. The technical advantages of Zynq-7000 chip used in unmanned airborne radar are studied. This paper starts from the history of UAV development and the technical characteristics of synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). According to the new requirements of unmanned airborne radar in the world today, a new hardware system with Zynq-7000 chip as the core is proposed. The new type of unmanned airborne radar system is required to have a small volume. With lighter weight and lower power consumption, Xilinx uses the latest Zynq chip with a dual-core ARM embedded in it. This paper studies how to select the interface between Zynq internal PL and PS, and introduces three kinds of interfaces between Zynq internal PS and PL. Four AXI_GP interfaces. Including two main device interfaces and two slave device interfaces; The three AXI_HP slave device interfaces are all controlled by PL; A AXI_ACP accelerator conformance interface is also a slave device interface. The performance and data throughput of these three kinds of interfaces between PS and PL are also given. Through five typical application cases, we introduce how to select these interfaces in practice. In order to make full use of Zynq-7000, the design of data communication between PS and PL based on AXI-Stream bus is studied. There are no interfaces that conform to the AXI_Stream bus protocol. This paper introduces in detail how to create IP in PL that obeys this kind of bus protocol and its software and hardware design flow. It also introduces the conversion between AXI protocol and AXI_stream protocol and the high-speed number. According to the transmission function AXI_DMA core, the two IP cores cooperate with each other to realize the high-speed data communication between PL and PS. The application scope of AXI_Stream bus IP and the advantages of AXI_DMA IP in data transmission are fully demonstrated, and the PL is shown as a reconfigurable peripheral of PS. Compared with the common peripherals, it has advantages and differences. 4. The SAR real-time imaging processing based on Z7 is systematically studied. Firstly, the structure of the system processing board is introduced. The system processing board and inertial navigation system, servo antenna, microwave module are connected and cooperate with each other. Then, the work flow of the whole radar system is described in detail. The flow direction of the signal on the board is introduced. The detailed flow of the Rd imaging algorithm of the system and the distribution and mapping of the whole algorithm among the multi-cores are introduced. Finally, the realization of the whole imaging algorithm in the process of debugging is introduced. How to speed up the algorithm in the case of real-time requirements. The results show that the micro SAR system based on Xilinx Zynq-7000 has high standard. It has strong practicability and good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.52

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