基于极化分集技术的WLAN MIMO天线设计

发布时间：2018-01-12 23:22

本文关键词：基于极化分集技术的WLAN MIMO天线设计　出处：《大连海事大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着无线通信技术的快速发展,用户对无线网络的需求不断增加,现有的通信系统很难满足需求,通信系统的容量、速率、可靠性亟待提高。现阶段,频谱资源有限,通过增加系统带宽来大幅度提高系统容量和速率已经很难实现,因此,当前研究的热点方向是通过提高频谱利用率来充分利用有限的频谱资源。目前,提高频谱利用率的一个有效的方法就是多输入多输出(MIMO)技术。为了提高无线局域网的吞吐量、传输距离以及可靠性,新一代无线局域网标准802.11n引入了MIMO技术。该技术对配套天线有两个基本要求：一是天线能够满足MIMO系统的应用要求,利用最小的空间取得较好的分集增益和复用增益,并解决天线间的隔离问题；二是天线制造成本低,结构简单,经济实用。为此,本文对WLAN MIMO天线的设计与实现方法进行了研究。本文首先对无线局域网和MIMO技术进行了介绍,对多天线单元间的互耦进行了理论分析,给出了MIMO天线设计的要求。根据研究课题的要求,选用结构简单、成本低的微带贴片天线结构设计天线单元。为了提高天线的增益和阻抗带宽,在微带单元天线贴片上加载了耦合方形开口谐振环结构。在此基础上,本文设计了三款多极化WLAN MIMO天线。第一款天线是垂直/水平双极化4元天线线阵,该天线采用正交双馈电点馈电的方法实现双极化,采用并联馈电网络结构给天线阵馈电；第二款天线是±45°双极化微带,该天线通过运用矢量合成的方法,对缝隙耦合馈电的垂直/水平双极化微带天线进行了转换,从而构成了±45°双极化微带天线；第三款天线是双圆极化天线阵,该天线采用2×2面阵结构来改善天线的增益和方向性,馈电网络采用同幅旋转相移技术实现天线阵的双圆极化特性。本文采用理论设计与电磁仿真软件仿真相结合的方法进行设计,并根据设计结果对天线进行了加工与测试。测试结果表明,本文设计的三款天线方向性好、增益高,隔离度高,且结构简单、成本低,满足WLAN MIMO系统对天线的要求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the user demand for wireless networks is increasing, the existing communication system is difficult to meet the demand, the capacity of the communication system, the rate of reliability need to be improved. At present, the limited spectrum resources, by increasing the bandwidth of the system can greatly improve the system capacity and rate has been difficult to achieve, so hot the direction of current research is through improving the utilization rate to make full use of the limited spectrum resource spectrum. Currently, an effective method to improve the utilization of the spectrum is the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technology. In order to improve the throughput of wireless LAN, transmission distance and reliability, a new generation of wireless LAN standard 802.11n MIMO technology is introduced the technology has two basic requirements: one is for supporting the antenna antenna can meet the requirements of the application of MIMO system, made better use of diversity gain and minimum space Multiplex gain and solving the problem of isolation between antennas; two, antenna manufacturing is low cost, simple structure, economical and practical. Therefore, the design and implementation method of WLAN MIMO antenna is studied in this paper.
This paper first introduces the wireless LAN and MIMO technology, to the mutual coupling between antennas is analyzed, the MIMO antenna design requirements are given. According to the requirements of the subject, with simple structure, a microstrip patch antenna structure design of low cost antenna unit. In order to improve the antenna gain and impedance bandwidth at the microstrip patch of the antenna unit load on coupled square split ring resonator structure. On this basis, this paper designs three multi polarization WLAN MIMO antenna. The first antenna is a vertical / horizontal dual polarization antenna array is 4 yuan, the production method of orthogonal double antenna feed point feed to realize the dual polarization, the parallel feed network structure for the antenna array feed; the second antenna is + 45 degrees the dual polarized microstrip antenna, by using the method of vector synthesis, the vertical / horizontal slot fed dual polarized microstrip antenna for The conversion is made up of the 45 degree dual polarized microstrip antenna. The third antenna is a double circular polarization antenna array. The antenna uses 2 x 2 planar array structure to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna. The feed network adopts the same rotation phase shifting technology to achieve the dual circular polarization characteristics of the antenna array.
This paper uses the theory and design method of electromagnetic simulation software combined design, and according to the design results of the antenna is fabricated and measured. The test results show that the design of the three antenna directivity, high gain, high isolation, and has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, to meet the requirements of the WLAN antenna MIMO system.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822

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