基于有源单元方向图方法的阵列天线综合

发布时间：2018-01-15 05:30

本文关键词：基于有源单元方向图方法的阵列天线综合　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在分析阵列天线的辐射特性时,阵列单元间的互耦是不可忽略的。有源单元方向图方法是近年来在阵列天线设计中运用的比较广泛的一种方法,可以有效的将互耦对阵列天线辐射特性的影响考虑在内。阵列天线的综合是一个有众多变量以及各种限制条件下的优化问题。这类问题在大多情况下呈现出不可微、甚至不连续的特性,其方向图参数的优化是一种非线性优化问题。传统的优化方法多数是基于梯度寻优方法或者随机搜索方法。共轭梯度法收敛速度较快,但要求目标函数可微、连续,而且目标参数有限；随机搜索法虽然无需计算梯度,但是效率太低,而且容易陷入局部最优。近些年发展起来的智能优化算法只要求待解问题是可计算的,并对目标函数无可微性、连续性等条件的限制,同时该类算法是一种搜索能力比较强、搜索过程具有一定方向性的随机搜索算法。本论文主要围绕有源单元方向图方法和智能优化算法在阵列天线设计中的应用来展开研究,工作分布在第三、四、五章。第三章首先验证有源单元方向图方法在分析规则满阵的辐射特性时的有效性。然后将其分析一个中型线阵的辐射特性,并运用遗传算法对阵列单元的激励电流幅度和相位进行优化,综合出几种实用的方向图。第四章提出了一种新的方法,将有源单元方向图方法运用于稀疏线性阵列天线辐射特性的分析中,仿真结果证明了这种方法的准确性；为了提高稀疏线阵的综合效率,对免疫算法进行修正,并将其与前者结合设计稀疏线阵。数值算例证明了设计方法的有效性与优越性。第五章提出了一种新的综合方法,这种方法将智能优化算法有效地运用到大型阵列天线的综合中,而阵面形状和单元排布方式可以是任意的。从而弥补了智能优化算法在综合大型阵列天线时的不足,即未成熟收敛。数值算例证实了这种方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:In analyzing the radiation characteristics of array antenna, the mutual coupling between array elements can not be ignored. Active element pattern method is widely used in array antenna design in recent years. The effect of mutual coupling on the radiation characteristics of array antenna can be taken into account effectively. Array antenna synthesis is an optimization problem with many variables and various constraints. Tiny. Even for discontinuity, the optimization of pattern parameters is a nonlinear optimization problem. Most of the traditional optimization methods are based on gradient optimization method or random search method. Conjugate gradient method converges faster. But the objective function is required to be differentiable, continuous, and the target parameters are limited. Although the random search method does not need to calculate the gradient, the efficiency is too low, and it is easy to fall into the local optimum. The intelligent optimization algorithm developed in recent years only requires that the unsolved problem is computable and has no differentiability for the objective function. At the same time, this kind of algorithm is a kind of search ability. This paper mainly focuses on the active element pattern method and the intelligent optimization algorithm in the array antenna design should be used to carry out the research, the work is distributed in the third and fourth. The third chapter verifies the effectiveness of the active element pattern method in analyzing the radiation characteristics of a regular full array, and then analyzes the radiation characteristics of a medium linear array. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the amplitude and phase of the exciting current of the array elements, and several practical patterns are synthesized. A new method is proposed in Chapter 4th. The active element pattern method is applied to the analysis of the radiation characteristics of sparse linear array antennas. The simulation results prove the accuracy of this method. In order to improve the synthesis efficiency of sparse linear array, the immune algorithm is modified. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the design method. A new synthetic method is proposed in Chapter 5th. This method effectively applies the intelligent optimization algorithm to the synthesis of large array antennas. However, the shape of the array surface and the arrangement of the elements can be arbitrary, which makes up for the deficiency of the intelligent optimization algorithm in the synthesis of large array antennas, that is, immature convergence. Numerical examples show that this method is effective.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN822

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