基于近场电磁测距的室内定位技术

发布时间：2018-01-15 12:26

本文关键词：基于近场电磁测距的室内定位技术　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科技发展和时代的进步，人们已经不满足于传统的利用卫星实现的室外定位，在很多情况下，人们希望在室内也同样能够实现精确的定位。为了满足这种需求，多种技术手段被开发研究应用于室内定位，本文提出了一种新型室内定位技术——基于近场电磁测距的室内定位技术。本文详细叙述分析了近场电磁测距的理论基础和基于测距的定位理论，研究了近场电磁测距、定位系统的组成，并通过原理性仿真验证了基于近场电磁测距的室内定位技术的可行性。（1）本文首先通过建立理论模型对电小天线的近场区进行了理论分析，利用公式推导出电磁场在近场区域的相位特性，分析近场区电场分量和磁场分量的相位关系，建立起近场分量相位与距离的关系。同时介绍了基于测距的定位理论。（2）近场测距是通过分析近场电磁场电场分量与磁场分量的相位特性，对信标发射机与定位接收机的距离进行确定。本文研究了信标发射机和定位接收机的工作原理和结构组成，，重点对信标发射机的发射天线和定位接收机的接收天线进行了理论分析和结构的优化设计。（3）在近场测距系统的基础上，通过增加接收器的数量，测量目标与各个接收机之间的距离，从而对目标点进行精确定位。本文提出了多种定位系统的基本结构模型，并多这些系统模型进行了分析和比较。（4）最后，通过数值仿真实验分析，验证了基于近场电磁测距的室内定位技术在原理上的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology and the progress of the times , people have not satisfied the traditional outdoor positioning using satellites . In many cases , it is hoped that accurate positioning can also be realized in the room . In order to meet this requirement , various technical means are developed and researched and applied to indoor positioning , and a new indoor positioning technology is proposed , which is based on the indoor positioning technology of near - field electromagnetic distance measurement . The theory base of near field electromagnetic distance measurement and location theory based on distance measurement are described in detail . The composition of near field electromagnetic distance measurement and positioning system is studied , and the feasibility of indoor positioning technology based on near field electromagnetic distance measurement is verified by principle simulation . ( 1 ) In this paper , the near - field region of an electric small antenna is analyzed theoretically by establishing a theoretical model , the phase characteristics of the electromagnetic field in the near field region are derived by using the formula , the phase relation between the electric field component and the magnetic field component in the near field region is analyzed , and the relation between the phase and the distance of the near field component is established . ( 2 ) Near - field distance measurement is adopted to determine the distance between the beacon transmitter and the positioning receiver by analyzing the phase characteristics of the electric field component and the magnetic field component of the near - field electromagnetic field . The working principle and structure of the beacon transmitter and the positioning receiver are studied in this paper . ( 3 ) On the basis of near - field distance measuring system , the distance between the target and each receiver is measured by increasing the number of receivers . ( 4 ) Finally , the feasibility of indoor positioning technology based on near field electromagnetic distance measurement is verified by numerical simulation experiment .

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5

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