多核无线传感器节点操作系统研究与设计实现

发布时间：2018-01-18 12:28

本文关键词：多核无线传感器节点操作系统研究与设计实现　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(WSN-Wireless Sensor Network)节点能执行环境数据(温度、湿度、光照等)采集、信息处理,并能与网络中的其他节点进行无线通信。近十几年来,WSN技术已广泛应用到农业、工业、军事、医疗、家居等领域。 WSN研究的难点问题之一是如何使用有限的WSN节点资源运行日益复杂且多样化的WSN应用。针对此问题的有效解决方法之一是设计并实现一个专用于WSN节点的操作系统。通过此操作系统,可一方面对WSN节点受限的平台资源进行高效管理,另一方面可对WSN复杂多样化的应用提供良好的服务。当前,WSN操作系统依然是一个热门的研究主题,许多WSN操作系统(TinyOS、Contiki、SOS、mantisOS、openWSN等)均已设计并实现。这些系统具有不同的特性,且适用于不同的WSN应用。TinyOS采用组件结构,具有较低的内存消耗；SOS能动态更新各个服务模块,具有良好的故障修复以及节点重编程性能；mantisOS采用多线程调度机制,可并行执行多任务WSN应用；openWSN则实现了一套完整的WSN协议栈,对WSN技术与IoT技术进行了融合。尽管这些系统的开发对于WSN操作系统的发展起到了完善与促进作用,许多操作系统研究方面的挑战依然存在,例如,如何在内存资源高度受限的WSN节点上实现实时调度；如何降低节点能耗以延长节点户外工作寿命；如何提高WSN应用程序重编程性能,以及如何提高WSN系统可靠性等。针对上述挑战,本文设计并实现了一种实时可靠且用户友好的新型操作系统LiveOS。LiveOS采用了一些新型的研究方法与实现技术,有效地解决了WSN操作系统中一些难点问题。一方面,LiveOS结合了多核硬件技术与软件技术,从而有效地降低了节点工作能耗、提高了节点对上下文感知的能力、改善了节点的可靠性,并实现了一种新型系统调试方法。另一方面,LiveOS改变了传统操作系统的一些设计理念,采用了混合型调度机制(同时实现事件驱动调度机制与多线程调度机制)以及共享堆栈型多线程调度机制,从而有效地降低了实时系统内存消耗量,使实时系统在内存资源高度受限的WSN节点上运行成为可行。此外,LiveOS还嵌入了一种新型的中间层软件EMIDE,此中间层软件不仅降低了WSN应用程序开发复杂度,还提高了WSN应用程序重编程性能。通过上述各种机制的实现,LiveOS系统具有了以下特性：1)能高效地利用节点有限的内存资源与能量资源,因此,适合在成本低、体积小、资源受限的WSN节点上使用。2)具有实时调度功能,能运行实时WSN应用(医疗监护、发动机智能控制、化工污染实时监控等)。3)工作寿命长、系统可靠性良好、且可支持远程无线重编程,因此,可避免对部署在恶劣环境中WSN节点通过人工回收而进行能量补充、应用程序重编程以及故障修复的成本。LiveOS系统的这些特点对于WSN技术的发展与市场推广具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN-Wireless Sensor Network) node can perform environmental data (temperature, humidity, light, etc.) data collection, information processing. In recent years, WSN technology has been widely used in agriculture, industry, military, medical, home and other fields. One of the difficult problems in WSN research is how to use limited WSN node resources to run increasingly complex and diverse WSN applications. One of the effective solutions to this problem is to design and implement a dedicated. Operating system for the WSN node. Through this operating system. On the one hand, it can efficiently manage the limited platform resources of WSN nodes, on the other hand, it can provide a good service for the complex and diversified applications of WSN. At present, the WSN operating system is still a hot research topic, and many WSN operating systems are made up of tiny OS Contiki and SOS mantis OS. These systems have different characteristics and are suitable for different WSN applications. TinyOS uses component structure and has low memory consumption. SOS can dynamically update each service module and has good performance of fault repair and node reprogramming. Multi-thread scheduling mechanism is adopted in mantisOS, and multi-task WSN applications can be executed in parallel. OpenWSN implements a complete WSN protocol stack. The integration of WSN technology and IoT technology. Although the development of these systems has played a role in improving and promoting the development of WSN operating system, many operating system research challenges still exist. For example, how to implement real-time scheduling on WSN nodes with highly limited memory resources; How to reduce the energy consumption of the node to prolong the outdoor working life of the node; How to improve the reprogramming performance of WSN application and how to improve the reliability of WSN system. In view of the above challenges, this paper designs and implements a new real-time reliable and user-friendly operating system, LiveOS.LiveOS, which adopts some new research methods and implementation techniques. On the one hand, LiveOS combines multi-core hardware technology with software technology, which can effectively reduce the node working energy consumption. It improves the node's ability of context-aware, improves the reliability of the node, and implements a new system debugging method. On the other hand, LiveOS changes some design ideas of traditional operating system. The hybrid scheduling mechanism (both event-driven scheduling mechanism and multi-thread scheduling mechanism) and the shared stack multi-thread scheduling mechanism are adopted, which can effectively reduce the memory consumption of real-time system. It is feasible for real-time system to run on WSN nodes with highly limited memory resources. In addition, EMIDE is embedded in a new mid-tier software. The software not only reduces the complexity of WSN application development, but also improves the reprogramming performance of WSN application. Through the implementation of the above mechanisms, the LiveOS system has the following characteristics: 1) it can efficiently utilize the limited memory and energy resources of nodes, so it is suitable for low cost and small volume. The resource constrained WSN node uses. 2) has the real-time dispatch function, can run the real time WSN application (medical treatment monitor, the engine intelligence control, the chemical industry pollution real time monitor and so on. 3) the working life is long. The system has good reliability and can support remote wireless reprogramming, so it can avoid the energy replenishment of WSN nodes deployed in bad environment by manual recycling. These features of the application reprogramming and the cost of fault repair. LiveOS system are of great significance for the development and marketing of WSN technology.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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