基于物联网的森林火灾防控系统设计

发布时间：2018-01-28 00:35

本文关键词： 森林防火物联网紫蜂协议栈传感器　出处：《齐齐哈尔大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：林火的发生会对经济、社会和环境产生难以估量的损失。针对现阶段林火防控领域主要采用的视频监控和卫星监控等方法存在的弊端和缺陷,本文采用物联网中使用的短距离、低功耗、自组织的ZigBee无线通信技术,并在无线传感器网络的基础上提出了一种林火防控的新思路和新方法。林火防控系统的设计分为硬件设计和软件设计两方面。硬件设计了包括终端节点、路由节点和协调节点三种节点在内的系统前端监控网络节点电路,具体由核心微处理及短距离无线数据收发模块、温度和湿度数据采集模块、光照强度感知模块、烟雾探测模块、红外感应模块、GPS定位模块和GPRS远距离数据收发等数据采集模块和配套的一些外围电路所构成。其中各种传感模块是终端节点所独有的,GPRS模块是协调节点所独有的,GPS模块是所有节点在安装后都需使用的模块。软件编写了基于Z-Stack协议栈的处于防控系统前端的协调节点、路由节点和终端节点等林区监控节点的程序,包括节点周围温度数值的采集,相对湿度的采集,光照入射量的采集,烟雾浓度的采集和红外光强度的采集。除此之外,利用终端节点加入网络、分配网络地址、路由的策略、数据的加密等策略可以相当程度上保证Zigbee网络的鲁棒性和灵活性,使网络拥有抵御雷电等自然因素对节点产生的破坏等突发情况的能力。上位机软件通过串口接收前端监控网络发来的数据,然后进行处理并与预设的阈值进行比较,如果超过相对应的物理参数阈值,则发出警报,提示该地有火警的可能。在处理完数据后,将其发送至服务器进行保存,以便进行历史查询。最后本文对前端监控网络的节点供电问题进行了研究,通过计算通信过程中产生能能耗,提出了采用太阳能电池板对路由节点和协调节点供电的方法。在低功耗设计实施部分,在节点采集完各项环境参数数据并发送给父节点后,使节点进入休眠状态来减少不必要的能量开支,系统可以通过调节休眠的时间长短来实现不同季节的不同监控要求。春季和秋季是林区防火的重点季节,休眠时间不能过长,否则会影响防控系统的监控能力,深冬季节,大雪封山,适当降低前端网络节点的工作时长不会对整个的林火监控网络造成太大的影响,同时在低温环境下电池的供电时间与温度在一定程度上有相关性,在相同电量情况下,温度越低,供电时间越短,所以要尽可能的延长休眠时间,最大程度的节约电能,保证系统的监控持续性。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of forest fire will cause incalculable losses to economy, society and environment. Aiming at the shortcomings and defects of the main methods in the field of forest fire prevention and control, such as video surveillance and satellite monitoring, etc. In this paper, the use of the Internet of things used in the short-range, low-power, self-organizing ZigBee wireless communication technology. On the basis of wireless sensor network, a new idea and method of forest fire prevention and control are put forward. The design of forest fire prevention and control system is divided into two aspects: hardware design and software design. Hardware design includes terminal node. The system front-end monitoring network node circuit including routing node and coordination node is composed of core micro-processing and short-range wireless data transceiver module temperature and humidity data acquisition module. Illumination intensity sensing module, smoke detection module, infrared sensing module. GPS positioning module, GPRS remote data transceiver and other data acquisition modules and some supporting peripheral circuits, among which various sensing modules are unique to the terminal node. GPRS module is unique to the coordination node, which is the module that all nodes need to use after installation. The software has written the coordination node based on Z-Stack protocol stack in the front end of the control system. Routing node and terminal node monitoring node in forest areas, including the acquisition of temperature around the node, the acquisition of relative humidity, the acquisition of the incident amount of light. In addition, the terminal nodes are used to join the network, assign network address and route strategy. Data encryption and other strategies can ensure the robustness and flexibility of Zigbee network to a certain extent. The network has the ability to resist the damage caused by the lightning and other natural factors to the node. The software of the upper computer receives the data from the network through the serial port. The process is then processed and compared with the preset threshold, and if the corresponding physical parameter threshold is exceeded, an alarm is issued indicating the possibility of a fire in the area. Send it to the server to save for historical query. Finally, this paper studies the power supply problem of the front-end monitoring network node, through the calculation of energy consumption in the communication process. In the low power design implementation, after the node collects the data of the environment parameters and sends to the parent node, the method of using solar panel to supply the routing node and the coordinated node is put forward. The system can adjust the duration of dormancy to achieve different monitoring requirements in different seasons. Spring and autumn are the key seasons of fire prevention in forest areas. Sleep time can not be too long, otherwise it will affect the monitoring ability of the control system, in the deep winter season, Greater Snow mountain closure, appropriate to reduce the working time of the front-end network nodes will not cause too much impact on the whole forest fire monitoring network. At the same time in the low-temperature environment, the battery power supply time and temperature in a certain extent, in the same electricity condition, the lower the temperature, the shorter the power supply time, so as to extend the dormancy time as much as possible. Maximum power saving, to ensure the sustainability of the system monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：齐齐哈尔大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S762;TP391.44;TN929.5

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