基于物联网的智慧家庭架构及其关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-01-30 16:32

本文关键词： 物联网智慧家庭面向服务架构 IEEE802.15.4 6LowPAN OSGi　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：物联网是继互联网之后下一代网络的发展方向,其核心概念是将人们周围的事物通过各种通信媒介连入到网络中以达到感知它们以及控制它们的目的。作为物联网领域的一个子研究方向,智慧家庭使用通信网络将家中的各种电子设备以及服务连入网络,以达到用户能够远程感知以及控制甚至是系统自动控制家庭的目的,从而为用户提供一个更加舒适、健康以及安全生活环境。目前智慧家庭的研究仍然处于起步阶段,还存在许多需要研究提高的地方,例如在网络层中还没有一个稳定、健壮的家庭网络构建方式以接入家庭感知节点以及控制节点；网络内部需要一个统一的通信通信协议以更好的实现家庭感知控制；面对海量的用户,服务层中的智慧家庭系统架构如何为用户提供更加高效稳定的服务等。本文通过分析和归纳当前的有线和无线网络构建方式、相关的通信协议以及大型网络软件系统架构技术,对家庭网络构建、通信协议制定以及系统架构设计等方面进行了深入的研究。本文的研究主要包括以下几个方面： (1)家庭网络构建研究。通过分析与比较各种有线和无线组网方式,本文基于IEEE802.15.4协议为住宅楼中的家庭网络设计了一个灵活稳定的共享网络架构。该架构采用同一住宅楼中所有家庭网络共享一个IEEE802.15.4网络整体地址的方式解决相邻网络之间可能出现的混淆问题,使用基于家庭详细物理地址的home-id编码以达到区分同一住宅楼中的不同家庭网络的目的,home-id还能够提高急救、安防等意外救援效率。半满足的试探性地址分配机制大大的提高了本网络架构的地址分配算法的灵活性以及家庭网络的地址利用率。本网络架构设计了相关的增强措施以处理网络中可能出现的地址空间不足、节点的突然退出等不可测事件,从而达到提高家庭网络的稳定性以及健壮性的目的。为了验证本架构的性能,本文基于NS-3网络模拟平台开发了一个性能测试程序,测试结果表明该网络架构不仅能够达到80%地址利用率,同时能够在子网遭受不可测事件时正确恢复子网。 (2)家庭网络通信协议研究。在IEEE802.15.4家庭网络的基础上,本文完成了家庭网络上层通信协议的制定。基于系统代码占用空间小、报文数据长度小以及运行RAM需求小等优点,6LOWPAN协议被选择作为本通信协议的基础协议。在详细分析了6LOWPAN协议中LoWPAN CHl报头压缩格式的基础上,本文制定了LOWPAN SH报头压缩格式。LoWPAN SH报头格式去掉了LOWPAN CHl报头中的地址类型标签、流量标签以及下一个首部压缩类型标签等标签,并详细定义了智慧家庭中家庭控制、异常报警、状态查询以及节点设置等四种数据包的报头格式以及inline参数。最后本文对该通信协议进行了详细的分析,分析结果表明该协议达到了标准化、可扩展化、轻量化以及无状态化等优点。 (3)系统架构研究。在详细分析对比OSGi架构、分布式OSGi架构以及分布式对象等架构的基础上,本文基于OSGi平台为智慧家庭系统设计分布式面向服务系统架构。该架构实现系统服务bundles的远程更新功能以及服务的远程调用功能；基于P2P技术帮助系统的各个终端建立直接的通信通道以达到减小网络的传输负载以及服务器的运算负载的目的；基于HTTP协议、XML协议以及SOAP协议制定系统终端之间的通信协议以及通信架构。关于该架构的性能分析结果表明在3/4的请求直接被发送到相关家庭网关的情况下,该架构能够节省37.5%的网络负载。本文基于Equinox开源框架设计开发了测试程序以测试该框架的性能,测试结果表明当系统客户端发送请求的速率与服务器处理的效率较为接近时,该框架比服务集中式系统框架在响应时间上达到了65%的提高。 (4)本文在上述研究工作的基础上,设计并实现了一个智慧家庭示范系统。该智慧家庭示范系统包括了系统客户端、家庭网络以及系统服务器三个部分。本文对该系统三个部分的概要设计以及详细设计工作进行了详细的描述,包括系统功能模块设计、客户端使用界面设计、家庭网络通信流程设计以及系统服务器架构设计。论文最后展示了实现后的智慧家庭示范系统,包括客户端界面、系统硬件设备等,同时对系统中的关键实现代码进行了详细的解释。该示范系统的设计与实现能够让人们更加直观的了解智慧家庭,同时可以基于该系统构建真实智慧家庭环境,从而通过对该环境的数据收集为后续的数据挖掘和智能算法等研究提供坚实的基础数据。
[Abstract]:The Internet is the next generation network development direction after the Internet, its core concept is to bring people around things through various communication media into the network in order to perceive them and control them. As a sub research direction in the field of networking, smart family communication network using various electronic devices in the home and services connected to the network, to achieve the user can remote sensing and control and automatic control of the family system, so as to provide users with a more comfortable, healthy and safe living environment. The current research of smart home is still in its infancy, there are many places need to improve research, for example in the network layer is not a stable, strong family way to build a network to access family perception node and control node; the internal network needs a unified communication channel Protocol in order to achieve better control of the family awareness; the face of massive users, smart home system architecture in the service layer to provide a more stable and efficient services for users. The paper analyzed and summed up the current wired and wireless network construction, the relevant communication protocol and large network software system architecture technology, construction of the home network. Studied the communication protocol and system architecture design. This paper mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) on the construction of the home network. Through the analysis and comparison of a variety of wired and wireless network, this paper designs a flexible and stable shared network architecture based on IEEE802.15.4 protocol for residential buildings in the home network. The architecture uses the same residential building in all home network share a IEEE802.15.4 network address way to solve the problem of confusion overall may occur between adjacent networks, using home-id encoding with family based on the physical address to distinguish the same residential building in different family network, home-id also can improve the emergency rescue efficiency, security and other accidents. The tentative address allocation mechanism to meet the half greatly improve the utilization rate of the flexibility of the network address assignment algorithm the framework and the home network address. The network architecture is designed to enhance measures related to treatment may appear in the network address space Insufficient, node sudden withdrawal and other unpredictable events, so as to improve the family network stability and robustness. In order to verify the performance of this architecture, this paper developed a performance testing program based on NS-3 network simulation platform, the test results show that the network structure can not only achieve the utilization rate of 80%. At the same time, can the correct recovery subnet in the sub network suffered unpredictable events.
(2) the study of home network communication protocol. Based on IEEE802.15.4 home network, this paper completes the home network communication protocol. The upper system based on code small space, message short data length and the RAM running needs. Therefore, the 6LOWPAN protocol is chosen as the basic communication protocol. This protocol is analyzed in detail based LoWPAN CHl header compression format in 6LOWPAN protocol, this paper developed a LOWPAN SH header compression format.LoWPAN SH header format removes the address type LOWPAN tag in the CHl header, flow label and a header compression type tag tag, and detailed definition of smart home control, home alarm, state query and node setting four packet header format and inline parameters. Finally this paper gives a detailed analysis of the communication protocol, analysis results show that the co It has achieved the advantages of standardization, extensibility, lightweight and stateless.
(3) the research framework system. In the detailed analysis and comparison of OSGi architecture based distributed OSGi architecture and distributed object architecture, this paper designs the distributed smart home system oriented service system architecture based on OSGi platform. The architecture of bundles system to realize remote service more new functions and services of the remote call function; each terminal P2P help the establishment of the system of direct communication channel to achieve transmission to reduce the network load and server computing based on load; based on the HTTP protocol, the communication protocol between the terminal system XML protocol and SOAP protocol and communication architecture. The performance analysis results of the architecture in 3/4 showed that the request is sent directly to the relevant situation of the family gateway next, the architecture can save 37.5% of the network load. Based on the design of Equinox open source framework for the development of test procedures to test The performance of the framework is tested. The test results show that when the rate of sending requests is close to the server processing efficiency, the framework achieves a 65% increase in response time than the service centralized system framework.
(4) on the basis of the above research, the design and implementation of a smart home demonstration system. The smart home demonstration system includes client, server and home network system of three parts. The outline design of the three parts of the system and the detailed design are described in detail, including the system the client uses the function module design, interface design, process design and system of home network communication server architecture. At the end of this paper shows the smart home demonstration system, including client interface, system hardware equipment, the key system in the realization of the code are explained in detail. The design and implementation of the demonstration system can let people more intuitive understanding of the wisdom of the family, and real smart home environment to construct the system based on the environment through data collection The set provides solid basic data for subsequent research on data mining and intelligent algorithms.

【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP391.44;TN929.5

【共引文献】