基于FPGA的GPS卫星多通道捕获跟踪电路设计及定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-02-05 03:29

本文关键词： GPS 捕获跟踪多通道 FPGA 定位　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：摘要：现在卫星导航定位系统已经广泛的运用在军事和民用部门,继美国和俄罗斯后我国也成功的开发出北斗导航定位系统,所以对卫星定位接收机技术的研究势在必行。本论文主要对的GPS接收机的多通道捕获跟踪在FPGA上设计进行了研究和实现,同时进行了相对伪距定位算法的研究。本论文使用的是频点跳变法捕获跟踪卫星,相位跳变法解获星历。实现多通道捕获跟踪并准确的解出导航电文后,需要给定位算法软件提供导航信息参数和不同卫星到达接收机的时间差。首先论文阐述了GPS定位系统的基本概念、卫星的捕获跟踪的基础原理、GPS卫星定位的基本原理和方法。然后在硬件部分,为了实现FPGA上多通道捕获跟踪并成功解除导航电文,分别对设计当中的单通道捕获、单通道跟踪、卫星信息传输和分配、时间间隔计数和数据上传六个模块在FPGA里的实现方法进行了分析和验证。单通道捕获跟踪部分重点介绍频点跳变法捕获跟踪和相位跳变法解获星历,捕获传输和分配部分完成了把捕获到的卫星信息实时和不重复的分配给多个通道,时间间隔计数部分主要的功能是提取出各颗卫星到达接收机的时间差,数据上传部分把解出的星历和时间差以固定的格式传送给定位软件。最后本论文对相对伪距定位算法和软件实现进行了研究。通过对设计的仿真验证,成功的实现了多通道捕获跟踪并且准确的解出卫星星历。使用这种多通道跟踪方法可以有效的利用硬件资源,减小功耗。本论文对相对伪距定位算法及软件的研究,也为以后精确定位提供了理论基础。
[Abstract]:Absrtact: now the satellite navigation and positioning system has been widely used in the military and civil departments, after the United States and Russia, China has successfully developed the Beidou navigation and positioning system. Therefore, it is imperative to study the technology of satellite positioning receiver. This paper mainly focuses on the design and implementation of multi-channel acquisition and tracking of GPS receiver on FPGA. At the same time, the relative pseudo-range location algorithm is studied. In this paper, the frequency hopping method is used to capture and track satellite, the phase jump method to solve the ephemeris, to achieve multi-channel acquisition and tracking and accurate solution of navigation message. The navigation information parameters and the time difference between different satellites arriving at the receiver should be provided to the localization algorithm software. Firstly, the paper describes the basic concept of GPS positioning system, the basic principle of satellite capture and tracking, and the basic principle and method of GPS positioning. Then, in the hardware part. In order to realize the multi-channel capture and tracking on FPGA and successfully release the navigation message, the single channel acquisition, single channel tracking, satellite information transmission and distribution in the design are carried out respectively. The implementation method of six modules of time interval counting and data uploading is analyzed and verified in FPGA. In the part of single channel capture and tracking, the frequency hopping capture tracking and phase hopping method are introduced to solve the ephemeris. The acquisition transmission and distribution part completes the real-time and non-repeated allocation of the captured satellite information to multiple channels. The main function of the time interval counting section is to extract the time difference between each satellite to the receiver. The data upload part transfers the calculated ephemeris and time difference to the location software in a fixed format. Finally, the relative pseudo-range localization algorithm and the software implementation are studied in this paper. Through the simulation verification of the design, the multi-channel capture and tracking is successfully realized and the satellite ephemeris is solved accurately. Using this multi-channel tracking method, the hardware resources can be used effectively. In this paper, the research of relative pseudo-range location algorithm and software also provides a theoretical basis for future accurate positioning.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN96.1

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