基于MEMS的可重构天线及多频天线的关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-02-25 01:01

本文关键词： 频率可重构天线方向图可重构天线卫星导航天线微电子机械系统(MEMS) 仿真　出处：《北京邮电大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文针对“十一五”微电子预研和北斗GNSS卫星定位导航基金等科研项目的要求,围绕天线设计的几个热点问题,诸如可重构、多频段和小型化等,对可重构天线和多频导航接收天线展开了理论和模拟仿真研究。其中,可重构天线相关研究以探寻频率重构方法和方向图重构方法为目的,创新性的设计了微带贴片天线的结构,提出相同形状天线图案的嵌套式设计方法,设计并利用各单元间的电磁耦合效应,通过RF MEMS(射频微电子机械系统)技术对辐射贴片间的组合关系进行变换,获得了对应的理论重构效果。多频卫星导航接收天线的相关研究以探寻天线小型化方法和多频化方法为目的,以双频点小型化天线为设计目标,利用微带天线的谐振原理,结合表面电流路径增长方法,提出了半波结构、栅状缝隙结构和枝节结构,获得了天线小型化和多频化的理论效果。本文主要创新点如下： 1.创新性的提出了面向天线频率重构功能的嵌套式贴片结构,并进行了模拟建模和仿真验证。该结构便于设计,对互耦效应有较强的适应性,能通过调整贴片尺寸来修正互耦效应对谐振频率的影响。同时,由于嵌套贴片具有相似性,所以能克服因频率切换造成的辐射方向变化。以设计的双圆形嵌套式天线为例,仿真模型尺寸为10mm×10mm,可实现35.0GHz和28.1GHz两个频点的重构,带宽分别为3.2GHz和0.8GHz,具有小型化的特点。 2.创新性的提出了面向天线方向图重构功能的寄生导引贴片结构,并进行了模拟建模和仿真验证。主要原理是利用互耦效应,合理设计天线各贴片位置关系,使E面和H面排列的寄生贴片分别从主馈电贴片耦合电场并产生辐射,通过叠加效应使远场波束角发生偏转。依照该方法设计的天线仿真模型尺寸为10mm×10mm,中心频率36.6GHz,带宽2.3GHz,理论上可以实现波束角从-38°到+37°的重构。该方法类似微阵列,但与传统阵列天线相比,有体积小、重量轻、易集成等特点。 3.提出了面向多频小型化天线的半波和栅状缝隙混合结构,并进行了模拟建模和仿真验证。本文在天线的中央电位零值线处引入半波加载面,形成开路端至短路端的驻波分布,减小了天线尺寸。将窄缝隙引入至天线贴片边缘,有效弯曲天线表面电流,增加了电长度,从而进一步缩减天线尺寸。同时,细缝的谐振带来了新的工作频点,因此理论上实现了双频特性。以设计的栅状缝隙迂回结构天线为例,仿真模型尺寸为30mm×30mm,双谐振频点分别为1595.7MHz和1195.7MHz。论文最后对研究工作进行了总结,给出了后续相关研究的建议。
[Abstract]:In this paper, according to the requirement of "scientific research project in 11th Five-Year" microelectronics research and Beidou satellite positioning and navigation GNSS fund, on several hot issues such as antenna design, reconfigurable, multi frequency and miniaturization, the reconfigurable antenna and multi frequency navigation receiving antenna is studied in theory and simulation. The related research of reconfigurable antenna in order to explore the frequency and direction of reconstruction method of graph reconstruction method, the design of innovative structure of microstrip patch antenna, the nested design method put forward the same shape of the antenna pattern design, and using the electromagnetic coupling effect between each unit, by RF MEMS (RF MEMS) to transform the relationship between the radiation patch the theory of technology, the reconstruction effect of corresponding research. The receiving antenna multi frequency satellite navigation to explore the antenna miniaturization method and multi frequency method for the purpose of, In this miniature antenna as the design object, using the principle of resonant microstrip antenna, growth method with surface current path, the half wave structure, grid slot structure and minor structure, obtained the theoretical effect of antenna multi frequency and miniaturization.
The main innovations in this paper are as follows:
1. innovation proposed nested structure of function oriented patch antenna frequency reconstruction, and simulated modeling and simulation. To facilitate the design of the structure, has strong adaptability to the mutual coupling effect, can adjust the size of patch to fix the mutual coupling effect on the resonant frequency. At the same time, because of the nested patch has the similarity so, to overcome the radiation caused by the switching frequency changes. With double circular nested antenna design as an example, the size of the simulation model for 10mm * 10mm, reconfigurable implementation of 35.0GHz and 28.1GHz two frequency points, the bandwidth is respectively 3.2GHz and 0.8GHz, has the characteristics of miniaturization.
The 2. puts forward the innovation oriented antenna parasitic reconstruction function guidance patch structure, and simulated modeling and simulation. The main principle is to use the mutual coupling effect, reasonable design of the patch antenna position between the parasitic patch make E and H surface arranged separately from the main feeding patch coupling electric field and radiation through the superposition effect, the far field beam deflection angle is 10mm * 10mm. According to the size of the antenna simulation model design method, center frequency of 36.6GHz, bandwidth of 2.3GHz, the theory can be achieved on the beam angle from -38 degrees to +37 degrees. The reconstruction method of similar microarray, but compared with the traditional array antenna has the advantages of small size, light weight, easy integration and so on.
The 3. is proposed for multi frequency antenna miniaturization and half wave grating gap hybrid structure, and simulated modeling and simulation. Based on the antenna central potential zero line into the half wave loading surface, the standing wave distribution open end to the short end, reduce the size of the antenna. The antenna into a narrow gap the edge of patch antenna, the effective bending surface current, increase the electric length, so as to further reduce the antenna size. At the same time, the slit resonance frequency brings new theory, thus to achieve dual band characteristics. The grid slot design circuitous structure antenna as an example, the size of the simulation model for 30mm * 30mm, double resonance frequency were 1595.7MHz and 1195.7MHz.
At the end of this paper, the research work is summarized, and some suggestions for subsequent research are given.

【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN965.2

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