无线传感器网络中能量收集节点的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-02-28 17:28

本文关键词： 无线传感器网络节点能量收集太阳能风能　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络技术被公认为21世纪最重要的技术之一,得到了国内外学者和企业的广泛关注和研究。无线传感器网络技术在解决特定场合和环境的监测、通讯、管理和救援等方面具有不可替代的优势。节点的能耗和能量供应是无线传感器网络技术应用发展过程中必须解决的关键问题,然而传统节点的有线能源和一次性电池能源限制了无线传感器网络的广泛应用与深度拓展。随着环境能量收集技术的研究与发展,具备环境能量收集能力的节点将为特定区域的无线传感器网络的应用提供完备的能量解决方案,因此具有能量收集能力的节点研究是一项具有实际应用价值的重要工作。本文以太阳能和风能为研究背景,研究太阳能和风能的收集、储存电路以及节点的能量管理策略,基于现有应用技术并尝试解决无线传感器网络应用中出现的问题,进而对环境能量充足地区的无线传感器网络的应用方案展开了探索性研究,取得了以下主要成果： 1.设计实现了三种收集太阳能的能量收集电路,不同的电路方案适合不同节点的能量策略,并针对能量的存储研究了锂电池、超级电容的不同性能。在电路设计过程中充分考虑到能量收集电路的效率和整个电路系统的低功耗,三种电路的收集效率均达到了90%以上。同时设计了以风力发电和铅酸蓄电池存储电能的协调器节点,并在节点上安置远程无线数据平台,实现了数据的收集和管理。 2.设计实现了微弱电流测试系统,为低功耗电路调试提供了有效的手段。微弱电流测试以对数放大器为核心器件,通过三个量程的设计实现了10nA～1mA的电流测量,可以满足节点休眠状态下功耗的精确测量。 3.针对论文中设计的能量获取节点电路系统,搭建了星型结构的无线传感器网络测试平台,通过太阳能供电节点的数据采集和风能供电协调节点的数据收集,验证了电路系统的可用性。并在电路系统运行过程中进行了一系列的电路参数测试,为进一步研究无线传感器网络中能量获取技术提供了参考。通过户外环境的平台测试和基于TI Z-Stack的软件调试,分析了能量收集节点使用过程中出现的问题,实现了电路系统的改进工作,给出了进一步的解决方案,为工程应用积累了经验。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies in 21th century, and has received extensive attention and research from domestic and foreign scholars and enterprises. Management and rescue have irreplaceable advantages. The energy consumption and energy supply of nodes are the key problems that must be solved in the development of wireless sensor network technology. However, the wireline energy and disposable battery energy of traditional nodes limit the wide application and deep development of wireless sensor networks. With the research and development of environmental energy collection technology, Nodes with environmental energy collection capability will provide a complete energy solution for wireless sensor network applications in a specific area, so the research of nodes with energy collection capability is an important work with practical application value. Based on the research background of solar and wind energy, this paper studies the collection, storage circuit and node energy management strategy of solar and wind energy, based on the existing application technology and tries to solve the problems in wireless sensor network applications. Furthermore, the application scheme of wireless sensor network in the region of sufficient environment energy is studied, and the main results are as follows:. 1. Three kinds of energy collection circuits for solar energy collection are designed and implemented. Different circuit schemes are suitable for different node energy strategies, and lithium batteries are studied for energy storage. The different performances of super capacitors. The efficiency of the energy collection circuit and the low power consumption of the whole circuit system are fully taken into account in the circuit design. The collection efficiency of the three circuits is above 90%. At the same time, a coordinator node is designed to store electric energy by wind power generation and lead-acid battery, and a remote wireless data platform is installed on the node to realize the data collection and management. 2. The weak current testing system is designed and implemented, which provides an effective means for the low power circuit debugging. The weak current testing takes logarithmic amplifier as the core device, and realizes the current measurement of 10nA1mA through the design of three measuring ranges. It can satisfy the precise measurement of power consumption in the state of node sleep. 3. Aiming at the circuit system of energy acquisition node designed in this paper, a star structure wireless sensor network test platform is built. The data acquisition of solar power node and the data collection of wind power supply coordination node are carried out. The availability of the circuit system is verified, and a series of circuit parameters are tested during the operation of the circuit system, which provides a reference for the further study of the energy acquisition technology in wireless sensor networks. Through the platform test of outdoor environment and the software debugging based on TI Z-Stack, the problems in the process of using energy collection node are analyzed, the improvement of circuit system is realized, and the further solution is given. Accumulated experience for engineering application.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TM61;TN929.5;TP212.9

【参考文献】