无线传感器网络节点协议栈的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-03-01 06:21

本文关键词： 无线传感器网络通信协议栈实时野外监测　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：根据项目的需求,我们项目组准备开发一种用于野外环境下监测移动目标的无人值守网络化传感器网络系统,该系统节点应该具备易布设、无人值守、隐蔽性强、小型化、感知能力强、能耗低等特点,不能直接将传统的TCP/IP网络协议栈应用到本项目,而需要开发适合无人值守网络化传感器网络系统应用方式的协议栈。本课题分两阶段,第一阶段主要在理论研究学习的基础上完成工程实践,着重解决节点之间能够正常通信,完成节点间多跳路由数据转发功能,末端传感器节点采集数据后能将数据转发到后端的问题;第二阶段着重解决代码短小、资源占用量低、可移植性好、运行效率高,能够长时间稳定可靠工作,并支持未来协议扩展的灵活而高效的传感器网络协议栈的问题。本文主要就第一阶段进行阐述。本文根据项目的具体需要和无线传感器网络的应用特点,完成了无线传感器网络通信协议栈的总体架构和详细的分层设计方案,无人值守网络化传感器网络系统采用分层的网络结构设计,整个网络由前端负责数据采集的采集层网络,负责信息汇聚传输的接入层网络这层网络和后端信息应用系统组成。采集层网络主要由汇聚节点和大量的传感器节点组成;接入层网络完成传感网和IP网络之间的转换适配,将采集层的数据通过IP方式传输到后端,这层由负责统管前端传感器节点的汇聚节点和负责与后端接入的接入节点组成;后端信息应用系统负责为用户提供目标信息,这部分由运行TCP/IP协议的终端组成,这些终端通过各种远程通信方式,远距离即可获取传感器节点感知采集的目标信息。本文最后在具体平台上完成了无线传感器网络应用的工程实践。在TI公司的ARM+DSP架构的OMAP_L138硬件平台和开源linux操作系统软件平台上,通过软件编程实现了接入层网络节点协议栈链路层及以上功能,根据本文论述的无线传感器网络系统的需求进行了网络协议栈的测试,并在野外进行了小规模组网试验,节点之间能够正常通信,能够适应网络拓扑的变化,当节点位置变化或节点死亡导致链路断开时,节点之间能够重新找到通往后端的新路由,实现路由的更新和维护。无线传感器节点能将移动目标的图片拍照传回后端管理应用终端,代替人类完成实时野外监测的繁重劳动。
[Abstract]:According to the requirements of the project, our project team is going to develop an unattended networked sensor network system for monitoring moving targets in the field. The nodes of the system should be easy to set up, unattended, hidden and miniaturized. Because of its strong perception and low energy consumption, the traditional TCP/IP protocol stack can not be directly applied to this project. Instead, it is necessary to develop a protocol stack suitable for the application of unattended networked sensor networks. In the first stage, the engineering practice is completed on the basis of theoretical research and study, which focuses on solving the problem of normal communication between nodes, and accomplishing the function of multi-hop routing data forwarding between nodes. The terminal sensor node can transmit the data to the back end after collecting the data. The second stage focuses on solving the problem of short code, low resource consumption, good portability, high running efficiency, and can work stably and reliably for a long time. And support the problem of flexible and efficient sensor network protocol stack for future protocol extension. This paper mainly describes the first stage. According to the specific needs of the project and the characteristics of wireless sensor network application, The overall structure of wireless sensor network communication protocol stack and the detailed hierarchical design scheme are completed. The unattended networked sensor network system is designed with layered network structure. The whole network is composed of a collection layer network which is responsible for data acquisition in front end. The access layer network, which is responsible for information gathering and transmission, and the back-end information application system are composed of gathering nodes and a large number of sensor nodes, and the access layer network completes the conversion and adaptation between the sensor network and the IP network. The data of the collection layer is transmitted to the back end by IP mode. This layer is composed of the convergent node responsible for managing the sensor nodes in the front end and the access node responsible for accessing with the back end, and the back-end information application system is responsible for providing the target information for the user. This part consists of terminals running the TCP/IP protocol, which use a variety of remote communication methods. The target information collected by sensor nodes can be obtained from a long distance. Finally, the engineering practice of wireless sensor network application is completed on the concrete platform. OMAP_L138 hardware platform and open source linux operation based on ARM DSP architecture of TI company. On the system software platform, The link layer and above functions of the access layer network node protocol stack are realized by software programming. According to the requirements of the wireless sensor network system discussed in this paper, the network protocol stack is tested, and a small-scale networking test is carried out in the field. Nodes can communicate normally and adapt to the change of network topology. When the link is disconnected due to the change of node position or node death, the new route to the back end can be re-found between nodes. Wireless sensor nodes can send pictures of moving targets back to the back-end management application terminal instead of the heavy work of real-time field monitoring.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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