准八木天线的雷达截面减缩技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-01 15:06

本文关键词： 电磁隐身雷达散射截面天线的雷达散射截面减缩准八木天线宽频复合吸波材料　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在电子信息技术迅速发展的今天,世界各国都已参与到各种隐身技术的研究之中以提高武器装备和参战人员的战斗能力和生存能力,从而满足现代军事竞争的高技术化要求。近几年来世界各国特别是美国、法国、俄国等军事大国都纷纷加强在了隐身技术方面的研究力度。天线是接收和发射电磁波的装置,它作为武器平台上必不可少的设备之一,同时又是引起散射的重要因素,因此,研究天线在保证良好辐射性能的同时实现隐身是一个重要且复杂的课题。准八木天线是一种平面微带结构的天线,它既继承了传统八木天线增益高、频带宽、方向性好、成本低等优点,同时又具有体积小、结构简单、低剖面、易于集成等特性,目前已得到广泛应用。此外,由于准八木天线的镜面辐射方向与最大辐射方向垂直,能够使天线同时实现良好的辐射和散射性能而成为低雷达截面(RCS)雷达相控阵天线的优选方案。随着电磁隐身技术的不断发展,目标识别与雷达侦测技术正朝着宽频带的方向发展,与之相对的雷达隐身技术也需要满足宽频带的要求,因此,对准八木天线的RCS减缩的研究具有着非常重大的军事意义和发展潜力。本文介绍了准八木天线的理论分析及设计方法,在此基础上设计了一款工作在5GHz-8GHz的准八木天线,将该天线作为参考天线,在其基础上,运用剑形振子和Koch分形的方法对准八木天线的引向器和有源振子进行了改进,然后根据天线地板上的电流在辐射状态和散射状态下的不同分布情况,对准八木天线的地板进行有目的的剪切,设计了一款具有低RCS的准八木天线。为了实现加载反射板的准八木天线的RCS减缩,考虑用加载吸波材料的方法,传统的吸波材料由于吸波带宽较窄而不能覆盖准八木天线的工作频带,因而单独使用传统的吸波材料难以实现准八木天线在整个工作频带内的RCS减缩。为了解决这一问题,本文将频率选择表面(FSS)应用到吸波材料的设计中来,实现了一款加载FSS的复合型宽频带吸波材料,该复合结构吸波材料比传统吸波材料的吸波带宽和吸波性能有了很大的提高。将上述加载FSS的复合结构吸波材料用于代替准八木天线的金属反射板。在平面波垂直照射下,相比于应用金属反射板的准八木天线,应用加载FSS的复合结构吸波材料作为反射板的准八木天线在包括工作频带在内的频段内实现了良好的RCS减缩效果。在天线RCS得到减缩的同时,天线的辐射性能并没有受到破坏,实验和仿真结果证明了这种应用复合宽频吸波材料对准八木天线的RCS进行减缩的有效性。
[Abstract]:Today, with the rapid development of electronic information technology, all countries in the world have participated in the research of various stealth technologies in order to improve the combat ability and survivability of weapons, equipment and combat personnel. In recent years, all the countries in the world, especially the United States, France and Russia, have strengthened their research efforts in stealth technology. The antenna is a device for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves. As one of the indispensable equipment on the weapon platform, it is also an important factor of scattering. It is an important and complex task to study antenna stealth while ensuring good radiation performance. Quasi-Yagi antenna is a kind of planar microstrip antenna, which inherits the traditional Yagi antenna with high gain, high frequency bandwidth and good directivity. Due to its advantages of low cost, small size, simple structure, low profile and easy integration, it has been widely used. In addition, the direction of mirror radiation is perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction. It can make the antenna achieve good radiation and scattering performance at the same time and become the optimal scheme of low radar cross section radar phased array antenna. With the development of electromagnetic stealth technology, The technology of target recognition and radar detection is developing in the direction of wide band. The relative stealth technology of radar also needs to meet the requirement of wide band. The study of RCS reduction for Yagi antenna is of great military significance and potential for development. This paper introduces the theoretical analysis and design method of the quasi Yagi antenna, and designs a quasi Yagi antenna working at 5GHz to 8GHz. The antenna is used as the reference antenna, and the sword-shaped dipole and Koch fractal method are used to improve the direction guide and active dipole of Yagi antenna. Then according to the different distribution of the current on the antenna floor under the radiation state and the scattering state, the Yagi antenna floor is shearing purposefully. In this paper, a quasi-octagonal antenna with low RCS is designed. In order to reduce the RCS of the quasi-octagonal antenna loaded with reflector, the method of loading absorbing material is considered. Because the traditional absorbing material can not cover the working band of the quasi yagi antenna because of its narrow absorbing bandwidth, it is difficult to reduce the RCS of the quasi yagi antenna in the whole working band by using the traditional absorbing material alone. In order to solve this problem, In this paper, the frequency selective surface (FSS) is applied to the design of absorbing materials, and a composite broadband absorbing material loaded with FSS is realized. Compared with the traditional absorbing materials, the absorbing bandwidth and absorbing performance of the composite structure absorbing material are greatly improved. The composite structure absorbing material loaded with FSS is used to replace the metal reflector plate of the quasi Yagi antenna. Under the vertical irradiation of plane wave, the composite structure absorber material is used to replace the metal reflector plate of the quasi Yagi antenna. Compared to quasi-octagonal antennas using metal reflectors, Using the composite structure absorbing material loaded with FSS as the reflector, the quasi-octagonal antenna achieves a good RCS reduction effect in the frequency band, including the working frequency band. While the antenna RCS is reduced, the radiation performance of the antenna is not destroyed. The experimental and simulation results show the effectiveness of using the composite broadband absorbing material to reduce the RCS of Yagi antenna.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN823.17

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