复杂三维环境下节点定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 14:28

本文选题：无线传感器网络　切入点：节点定位　出处：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络作为新一代的智能网络,具有覆盖面积广,自适应能力强,自组织性和自愈性等特点,广泛地应用于医疗、环境、军事等领域。定位技术是无线传感器网络的关键技术之一。本文介绍了无线传感器网络的关键技术和特点以及节点定位的研究现状,系统地分析了无线传感器网络定位算法及其性能评价指标,深入研究了三维节点定位算法。已有三维定位算法利用静态的信标节点实现普通节点的三维定位,定位精度和定位率依赖信标节点数量,而信标节点数量增加时,提高了网络成本和能量消耗。针对这些问题本文引入了一个可移动的辅助设备,发送移动的信标信息,实现节点的三维定位,并推导了三维节点定位的基本定理,规划了辅助设备的运动轨迹。在算法第一阶段普通节点被动的接收信标信息,利用RSSI测距方法获得与信标信息的距离,利用三维多边定位法计算自身位置。考虑到在实际环境中部分普通节点无法接收到满足条件的信标信息的情况,在节点第一阶段被动定位的基础上提出了第二阶段的主动定位过程,提高节点定位的成功率。此外还给出了节点的定位流程以及所涉及的信息的数据包格式。分析了影响节点定位误差的因素以及这些因素对坐标估计值的影响,分析了各阶段参与定位的普通节点的能量消耗大小。最后,对本文算法进行仿真验证,并与三维DV-Hop算法进行比较,仿真实验结果显示,所提出的算法定位率高,节点能耗小,算法性能稳定。在平均定位误差、定位率以及平均能量消耗这三个指标上均优于三维DV-Hop算法。
[Abstract]:As a new generation of intelligent network, wireless sensor network has the characteristics of wide coverage, strong adaptive ability, self-organization and self-healing. It is widely used in medical treatment and environment. Military and other fields. Location technology is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor networks. This paper introduces the key technologies and characteristics of wireless sensor networks, as well as the status quo of node location. This paper systematically analyzes the localization algorithm of wireless sensor network and its performance evaluation index, and deeply studies the 3D node localization algorithm, which uses static beacon nodes to realize the 3D localization of common nodes. Location accuracy and location rate depend on the number of beacon nodes, and the network cost and energy consumption are increased when the number of beacon nodes increases. In order to solve these problems, a movable auxiliary device is introduced to send mobile beacon information. In the first stage of the algorithm, the ordinary nodes passively receive the beacon information, and the basic theorem of the 3D node location is derived, and the motion trajectory of the auxiliary equipment is planned. The distance from the beacon information is obtained by using the RSSI ranging method, and the position of the beacon is calculated by using the three-dimensional multilateral positioning method. Considering the fact that some ordinary nodes can not receive the beacons which satisfy the conditions in the actual environment, Based on the passive localization of nodes in the first stage, the active localization process in the second stage is proposed. In addition, the process of node location and the data packet format of the information involved are also given. The factors that affect the node location error and the influence of these factors on the coordinate estimation are analyzed. The energy consumption of common nodes in each stage is analyzed. Finally, the algorithm is verified by simulation and compared with 3D DV-Hop algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has high localization rate and low energy consumption. The performance of the algorithm is stable, and it is superior to the 3D DV-Hop algorithm in terms of the average location error, the localization rate and the average energy consumption.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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