机车防撞雷达的信号处理与目标检测技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-02 16:39

本文选题：防撞雷达　切入点：FPGA　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前，我国铁路行车事故时有发生，客运列车伤亡事故依然存在。在汽车等领域已经广泛的使用的防撞雷达系统，还未在机车防撞中应用。机车防撞雷达作为铁路安全运行的辅助设备，具有很高的实用价值。本文研究了防撞雷达中的基本信号处理，，包括数字下变频技术和高速数据传输技术，并对信号检测技术进行了理论分析和DSP编程实现。通过对系统实际测试数据的分析，验证了机车防撞雷达对目标测速、测距和测角的能力。基本信号处理主要包括，数据采集、混频、FIR滤波和抽取。本文详细介绍了基本信号处理在FPGA的实现过程，设计中充分考虑了资源及性能的平衡，完成了四路信号的数字下变频任务。系统参数的特殊，使得混频模块可以得到简化。FIR滤波采用Xilinx公司的IP core实现，通过多路复用节约了资源。利用PLL+DCM的方式，为各模块工作提供了稳定而可靠的时钟。设计过程遵循自下而上、模块化的思想，使用Verilog语言在ISE中对每个模块进行实例化。通过Modelsim仿真，并结合Matlab对数据进行处理，各模块功能的正确性得到了验证。本文介绍了在DSP上利用SYS/BIOS操作系统，实现对各功能模块合理调度以及资源配置，完成回波数据通过uPP接口进行传输，然后经过静止目标检测，探测出静止障碍物目标，最终利用NDK实现数据由以太网向PC机传输。分两步对机车防撞雷达系统进行了测试。通过基本信号处理测试和系统联调，对系统性能得到了一个初步的了解。接着，在机车实际运行环境进行了外场数据录取，针对各种轨道障碍物进行了探测实验。最后，针对运动目标和静止目标，提出了相应的检测方法，完成了对实验数据的分析，并验证了DSP在静止目标检测算法实现中的能力。
[Abstract]:At present, China's railway traffic accidents occur from time to time, and passenger train casualties still exist. Collision prevention radar systems have been widely used in areas such as automobiles. Locomotive anti-collision radar has high practical value as auxiliary equipment for railway safety operation. The basic signal processing in anti-collision radar is studied in this paper. It includes digital down-conversion technology and high-speed data transmission technology, and carries on the theoretical analysis and DSP programming realization to the signal detection technology. Through the analysis of the actual test data of the system, it verifies that the locomotive anti-collision radar measures the velocity of the target. The ability to measure distance and angle. The basic signal processing includes data acquisition, frequency mixing Fir filtering and decimation. This paper introduces the realization of basic signal processing in FPGA in detail, and fully considers the balance of resources and performance in the design. The task of digital downconversion of four signals is completed. The special parameters of the system make the mixing module can be simplified. Fir filter is realized by IP core of Xilinx Company, and the resource is saved by multiplexing. PLL DCM is used. The design process follows the idea of bottom-up and modularization, and uses Verilog language to instantiate each module in ISE. Through Modelsim simulation, and combining with Matlab to deal with the data, the design process follows the idea of bottom-up, modularization and instantiation of each module in ISE. The correctness of each module function is verified. This paper introduces how to use the SYS/BIOS operating system on DSP to realize the reasonable scheduling and resource allocation of each functional module. The echo data is transmitted through the uPP interface, and then the static target is detected through the detection of the static target. Finally, NDK is used to realize data transmission from Ethernet to PC. The locomotive anti-collision radar system is tested in two steps. Through the basic signal processing test and system connection adjustment, a preliminary understanding of the performance of the system is obtained. Then, the external field data are recorded in the actual running environment of the locomotive. Finally, a corresponding detection method for moving and stationary targets is proposed, and the analysis of experimental data is completed, and the ability of DSP in the realization of static target detection algorithm is verified.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.51

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