城市车联网中多跳广播协议的研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 15:00

本文选题：城市车联网　切入点：广播协议　出处：《东北大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着时代不断的发展,车辆早已成为了人们日常出行的交通工具。然而,车辆在带给人们便利的同时,也带来了许多困扰。在遇到紧急事故的情况下,由于人类大脑反应时间有限,处理不及时而带来交通事故。因此,如何快速的传递紧急消息、延长驾驶员反应时间是目前车联网研究的热点。本文针对具有直路和交叉路口的城市道路环境下紧急消息的传输,提出城市车联网多跳广播协议(Urban VANET Multi-hop Broadcast Protocol, UVMBP),该协议在缺少节点拓扑信息、节点密度等参数的条件下,针对发送节点位置的不同提出三种紧急消息的广播策略：首先,针对紧急消息的第一跳传输,采用发送节点直接广播紧急消息,接收节点在接收到紧急消息后,经过一系列的迭代过程,最终选出一个距离发送节点最远的区域,在该区域内通过竞争广播RTS (Request To Send)帧的方式选出一个节点作为紧急消息转发节点,完成第一跳广播的过程；其次,针对紧急消息在直路上单向传输,采用RTS/CTS (Clear To Send)帧握手的方式,发送节点首先发送RTS帧,接收节点在收到RTS帧后,经过一系列的迭代过程选择一个距离发送节点最远的区域,处于该区域内的接收节点通过竞争回复CTS帧的方式选出一个节点作为紧急消息转发节点,发送节点在收到CTS帧后广播紧急消息,从而完成紧急消息的一跳传输过程；第三,针对紧急消息在交叉路口位置的多向传输,采用与紧急消息的第一跳广播相似的方式,完成节点位于交叉路口环境下的广播过程。通过对比目前车联网中比较流行的几个算法,UVMBP在直路上和交叉路口环境下的平均一跳时延、转发节点与发送节点的平均距离、紧急消息的传输速率、帧的交付率等性能都要好于流行的算法。因此,UVMBP更加适用于城市车联网中紧急消息的广播过程。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the vehicle has already become the daily transportation. However, the vehicle not only brings convenience to people, but also brings a lot of troubles. In the case of an emergency, Due to the limited reaction time of human brain and the failure to deal with the traffic accidents in time, so how to transmit the emergency message quickly, Prolonging driver's reaction time is a hot topic in the research of vehicle networking. This paper aims at the transmission of emergency message in urban road environment with straight road and intersection. In this paper, Urban VANET Multi-hop Broadcast Protocol (UVMBP) is proposed. In the absence of node topology information and node density, three kinds of emergency message broadcasting strategies are proposed for different location of sending nodes. For the first hop transmission of the emergency message, the sending node is used to broadcast the emergency message directly. After receiving the emergency message, the receiving node, after a series of iterative processes, finally selects a region farthest from the sending node. In this region, a node is selected as an emergency message forwarding node by competing for broadcasting RTS request to send frame, which completes the process of first hop broadcast. Secondly, the emergency message is transmitted one-way on the direct route. Using the method of RTS/CTS clear to send frame handshake, the sending node first sends the RTS frame. After receiving the RTS frame, the receiving node selects a region farthest from the sending node after a series of iterations. The receiving node in the region selects a node as an emergency message forwarding node by competing to reply to the CTS frame, and the sending node broadcasts the emergency message after receiving the CTS frame, thus accomplishing the one-hop transmission process of the emergency message. For the multidirectional transmission of emergency messages at intersections, an approach similar to the first-hop broadcast of emergency messages is adopted. The broadcast process of nodes in intersection environment is completed. The average one-hop delay of UVMBP and the average distance between forwarding node and transmitting node are compared by comparing several popular algorithms in vehicle networking at present, such as the average one-hop delay of UVMBP in the environment of straight road and intersection, and the average distance between the forwarding node and the transmitting node. The transmission rate and frame delivery rate of emergency messages are better than those of popular algorithms, so UVMBP is more suitable for the broadcast of emergency messages in urban vehicle networks.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U495;TN929.5;TP391.44

【共引文献】