水下近距射频通信中环形天线的研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 19:15

本文选题：水下射频通信　切入点：环形天线　出处：《燕山大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水下无线通信技术对于潜航器通信、水下数据收集、水下信息交互及水下传感网至关重要。随着社会的发展，海洋开发对水下通信技术也提出了更高的要求。在浑浊、嘈杂的浅海环境中，受信噪比小、通信速率低、延迟大、多径效应等因素的影响，水声通信技术无法达到理想效果；而激光通信由于水质混浊、对准要求较高的原因，应用也受到极大限制。在近距恶劣的水下环境中，电磁波的传播受到的影响却很小。因此本文对水下无线射频通信技术进行了探讨，以期在近距的水下环境中，实现高速平稳的通信。首先，本文研究了平面电磁波在海水中的传播特性。通过理论推导，总结了电磁场的传播速度、波长与频率、电导率的关系，研究了电磁场在传播过程中的衰减规律及能量组成。其次，本文在理论与仿真这两方面，充分分析了水下电偶极子和磁偶极子。针对水下高电导率、高损耗的特点，推导了水下电偶、磁偶极子的辐射场，对这两种偶极子辐射的能量组成进行仿真，得出磁偶极子更适用于水下无线射频通信的结论。最后，研究了环形天线的线径、匝数、环径对天线性能的影响，对小环天线进行了优化，得到了合适的天线结构参数，并利用制作的环形天线，在对天线阻抗匹配的基础上，，进行实际的水下射频传输实验，测量了2米内电磁衰减与距离的关系。
[Abstract]:Underwater wireless communication technology is very important for underwater communication, underwater data collection, underwater information exchange and underwater sensor network. With the development of society, the development of ocean has put forward higher requirements for underwater communication technology. In the noisy shallow sea environment, the underwater acoustic communication technology can not achieve the ideal effect due to the influence of small signal-to-noise ratio, low communication rate, large delay, multipath effect, etc. Applications are also severely restricted. The propagation of electromagnetic wave is very small in the environment of short distance, so this paper discusses the technology of underwater radio frequency communication in order to realize high speed and steady communication in the near distance underwater environment. Firstly, the propagation characteristics of plane electromagnetic wave in sea water are studied. The relationship among the velocity, wavelength, frequency and conductivity of electromagnetic field is summarized by theoretical derivation. The attenuation law and energy composition of electromagnetic field during propagation are studied. Secondly, in theory and simulation, the underwater electric dipole and magnetic dipole are fully analyzed. According to the characteristics of high conductivity and high loss under water, the radiation field of underwater electric dipole and magnetic dipole is deduced. The energy composition of the two dipole radiation is simulated and the conclusion that magnetic dipole is more suitable for underwater radio frequency communication is obtained. Finally, the effects of ring diameter, turn number and ring diameter on the antenna performance are studied. The small ring antenna is optimized and the appropriate antenna structure parameters are obtained. Based on the impedance matching of the antenna, the ring antenna is fabricated. The relation between electromagnetic attenuation and distance within 2 meters is measured by the actual underwater RF transmission experiment.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.3

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