无线传感器网络RPL路由协议编址研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 07:24

本文选题：RPL　切入点：WSNs　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSNs)中传感器节点的能量、存储能力、计算能力十分有限。然而传统的路由协议需要存储大量的路由状态信息,在路由过程中会产生大量的控制开销,因此不适用于资源受限的WSNs。IETF RoLL工作组专门针对低功耗有损网络提出了RPL (IPv6Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks)路由协议,以尽可能减小存储要求和路由信令开销,缓解资源受限等问题。然而,RPL路由协议的地址配置方式在大规模组网环境下,可能出现因节点分布不均,网络拓扑频繁变化等现象,导致了地址资源浪费,路由开销和网络维护开销过大等问题。本文针对上述问题设计了一种适用于大规模组网的层次化编址方案,其层次化的地址形式可以直观反映网络拓扑,通过节点地址可以快速定位节点所在子网,获知父节点信息,节省了网络维护开销。特别是在不同子网间的节点通信时,节点通过地址信息可以提前获知通信路径,极大的减少了路由表查询和匹配时间,节省了路由开销。在此基础上,本文还提出了地址租借和网络合并机制,解决了节点分布不均时可能出现的地址资源浪费问题,减少了网络频繁动荡造成的网络维护开销。我们在cooja仿真器上对方案进行了仿真,并在60个实际部署的节点上实现了节点的层次化地址配置,节点通过网关连接到服务器,将大规模组网下的节点地址信息显示在演示界面上,验证了本方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:The energy, storage capacity and computing power of sensor nodes in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are very limited. However, traditional routing protocols need to store a large amount of routing state information, which will result in a large amount of control overhead in the routing process. Therefore, the RPL IPv6 routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks is proposed by the WSNs.IETF RoLL working Group, which is not suitable for resource-constrained networks, to minimize storage requirements and routing signaling overhead. However, the address configuration of RPL routing protocol in large-scale networking environment may occur due to the uneven distribution of nodes and frequent changes in network topology, which leads to the waste of address resources. Routing overhead and network maintenance overhead are too large. In this paper, a hierarchical addressing scheme for large-scale network is designed. The hierarchical address form can reflect the topology of the network directly, and the node address can be used to locate the node's subnet quickly. When the nodes communicate with different subnets, the nodes can know the communication path in advance, which greatly reduces the routing table query and matching time. On the basis of this, the mechanism of address leasing and network merging is proposed, which can solve the problem of address resource waste when nodes are unevenly distributed. The network maintenance overhead caused by frequent network turbulence is reduced. The scheme is simulated on the cooja simulator, and the hierarchical address configuration of the nodes is implemented on 60 deployed nodes. The nodes are connected to the server through the gateway. The node address information under the large-scale network is displayed on the demo interface, which verifies the feasibility of the scheme.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

【参考文献】