基于分簇的无线传感器网络节能路由关键技术的研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 16:30

本文选题：路由协议　切入点：非均匀分簇　出处：《沈阳理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络是由大量传感器节点组成并以多跳自组织方式构成的无线网络,各传感器节点通过协作方式感知、采集、处理和传输监测区域内被感知对象的信息,并最终把这些信息发送给网络管理者。无线传感器网络在军事、医疗等方面得到广泛应用。但由于无线传感器网络节点数量庞大、能量有限、通信带宽小,因此,如何保障信息安全可靠传输并延长网络寿命是无线传感器网络设计的首要目标。而高效的路由协议不仅能够寻找优化的路径,提高节点能量利用率,而且能均衡网络负载,延长网络生命周期。因此,本文以无线传感器网络为背景,在分析分簇无线传感器网络工作特点的基础上,对现有分簇无线传感器网络路由协议进行研究并设计了一种改进的基于非均匀分簇的路由协议IUCRP(Improved Unequal Clusterint Routing Protocol),降低了无线传感器网络节点能耗、均衡了网络能耗、避免了单路径问题、提高了链路利用率,延长了网络生命周期。所取得的成果如下:首先,针对EEUC(Energy-Efficient Uneven Clustering)协议在分簇过程中未考虑剩余能量、节点密度因素而导致网络能耗不均、网络生命周期缩短的问题,对EEUC协议进行改进并设计了IUCRP协议,该协议采用了一种改进的非均匀分簇算法,通过与Sink节点的距离、剩余能量和周围节点密度的综合权值确定簇首节点的竞争半径、进行非均匀分簇,以使距离Sink节点较近的节点能节省能量用于簇间数据转发,同时使剩余能量较小的、周围节点较密集的簇规模较小以减小簇首的簇内能量消耗,从而达到降低节点能耗、均衡网络能耗、延长网络生命周期的目的。其次,针对现有簇间路由算法簇首间单跳距离太长,造成远距离传输数据能耗过大的问题,本文分别设计了簇内和簇间通信策略及簇的更新机制,簇间利用中继节点转发,以避免长距离通信能耗过大,有效降低能耗,同时,在选择下一跳节点时,综合考虑距离、剩余能量、链路代价及链路质量因素,避免单个节点耗能较大并有效提高了链路利用率、减小了丢包率,从而达到延长网络寿命的目的。最后,利用OPNET仿真工具对上述成果进行了仿真测试,测试结果表明,与EEUC相比较,该路由协议使第一个节点死亡时间延后,延长了网络工作时间,减小了每轮簇首节点能耗,缩短了网络端到端时延。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network is a wireless network composed of a large number of sensor nodes and multi-hop self-organization. Each sensor node perceives, collects, processes and transmits the information of the perceived objects in the monitoring area through cooperative means. The wireless sensor network is widely used in military, medical and other fields. However, due to the large number of nodes, limited energy and small communication bandwidth, wireless sensor network has a large number of nodes. How to ensure the safe and reliable transmission of information and extend the network life is the primary goal of wireless sensor network design, and the efficient routing protocol can not only find the optimized path, improve the energy utilization ratio of nodes, but also balance the network load. Therefore, based on the background of wireless sensor networks, this paper analyzes the working characteristics of clustered wireless sensor networks. The existing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks are studied and an improved IUCRP(Improved Unequal Clusterint Routing protocol based on non-uniform clustering is designed, which reduces the energy consumption of wireless sensor network nodes and balances the network energy consumption. The single path problem is avoided, the link utilization rate is improved, and the network life cycle is prolonged. The results are as follows: firstly, the EEUC(Energy-Efficient Uneven clustering protocol does not consider the residual energy in the clustering process, and the node density factor leads to uneven network energy consumption. The network life cycle is shortened, the EEUC protocol is improved and the IUCRP protocol is designed. This protocol adopts an improved non-uniform clustering algorithm, which is based on the distance from the Sink node. The combined weight value of residual energy and surrounding node density determines the competition radius of cluster head node, and carries out non-uniform clustering, so that the node closer to Sink node can save energy for data forwarding between clusters, and make the residual energy smaller. The cluster size of the surrounding nodes is smaller to reduce the energy consumption within the cluster head, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes, balance the network energy consumption, and prolong the network life cycle. Secondly, In view of the problem that the single hop distance between the cluster heads is too long, which results in too much energy consumption for long-distance data transmission, the communication strategy and the updating mechanism of the cluster are designed in this paper, and the relay nodes are used for forwarding between clusters. In order to avoid excessive energy consumption in long distance communication and reduce energy consumption effectively, at the same time, when selecting the next hop node, the factors of distance, residual energy, link cost and link quality are considered synthetically. To avoid the single node energy consumption and effectively improve the link utilization rate, reduce packet loss rate, so as to extend the network life. Finally, the OPNET simulation tool is used to simulate the above results, the test results show that, Compared with EEUC, the routing protocol delays the first node's lifetime, prolongs the network working time, reduces the energy consumption of each cluster head node, and shortens the end-to-end delay of the network.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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