基于均匀圆阵的测向算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 05:39

本文选题：均匀圆阵　切入点：DOA　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：空间谱估计在短波测向、无线电侦察、雷达目标定位跟踪、智能天线等领域有着重要的应用。准确的来波方向估计对提高通信系统容量和目标探测均有着重要的意义。与线阵相比，圆环阵列（圆阵）能够提供360°全方位、无模糊的方位角估计，在各个方位上具有近似相同的分辨率，可以同时提供方位角和俯仰角二维角度估计，具有很大的优越性，，更具有实用价值。本文主要对基于均匀圆阵的测向应用算法进行了研究。均匀圆阵阵列结构的特殊性使得其阵列流型不具有线阵的范德蒙（Vandermonde）结构，因而许多用于线阵的优良算法无法直接应用与圆阵，往往需要进行预处理。基于相位模式激励的波束空间变换算法是针对均匀圆阵所提出的一种有效的算法，通过波束空间变换可以将均匀圆阵的阵列流型变换成类似线阵的Vandermonde矩阵的形式，使得许多基于均匀线阵的优良算法可以应用于均匀圆阵。基于波束空间变换的特征结构类算法UCA-RB-MUSIC算法和UCA-ESPRIT算法给出了两种非常有效的方位角和俯仰角二维角度估计方法。特别是UCA-ESPRIT算法，不需要谱峰搜索即可以得到闭合形式自动配对的二维角度估计，可以大大减小运算量。但两种方法对二维相干信源的处理却是无能为力的。对二维相干信源的处理，我们给出一种利用内插变换结合空间平滑技术的解相干方法，该方法在给定的变换区域内可以有效地对相干信源进行分辨。最后介绍了一种三通道谱估计测向方法，利用权微扰方法来获得阵列的协方差矩阵，进而利用特征结构类算法估计来波方向。与传统的基于阵元空间的多通道谱估计方法相比，该方法仅利用三个接收通道来完成谱估计测向，可以有效地节约系统硬件成本。计算机仿真结果表明该方法的估计结果更加稳健有效。
[Abstract]:Spatial spectrum estimation has important applications in the fields of shortwave direction finding, radio reconnaissance, radar target location and tracking, smart antenna and so on. Accurate direction estimation of incoming wave is of great significance to improve the capacity of communication system and target detection. Compared with the linear array, the circular array (circular array) can provide 360 掳omnidirectional, non-fuzzy azimuth estimation, approximately the same resolution in each azimuth, and can simultaneously provide 2-D angle estimation of azimuth and pitch angle. It has great superiority and practical value. In this paper, the direction finding algorithm based on uniform circular array is studied. Because of the particularity of the uniform circular array structure, the flow pattern of the uniform circular array does not have the Vandermonde structure of the linear array, so many excellent algorithms for the linear array can not be directly applied to the circular array. The beamspace transform algorithm based on phase mode excitation is an effective algorithm for uniform circular array. By beamspace transformation, the array flow pattern of uniform circular array can be transformed into the form of Vandermonde matrix similar to linear array. So many excellent algorithms based on uniform linear array can be applied to uniform circular array. UCA-RB-MUSIC algorithm based on beamspace transformation and UCA-ESPRIT algorithm give two very effective two-dimensional angle estimation of azimuth and pitch angle. Method of calculation, especially UCA-ESPRIT algorithm, Without the need of spectral peak search, 2-D angle estimation with closed form automatic pairing can be obtained, which can greatly reduce the computational complexity. However, the two methods are powerless to deal with two-dimensional coherent sources, and the two methods can not deal with two-dimensional coherent sources. We present a method of decoherence using interpolation transform combined with spatial smoothing. This method can effectively distinguish coherent sources in a given transform region. Finally, a three-channel spectrum estimation method is introduced to obtain the covariance matrix of the array by using the weighted perturbation method. Compared with the traditional multichannel spectral estimation method based on array element space, the method uses only three receiving channels to estimate the direction of the spectrum. The computer simulation results show that the method is more robust and effective.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN911.7

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