水下声通信传感器网络路由协议与节点定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 02:36

本文选题：水下声通信传感器网络　切入点：辐射波束宽度　出处：《武汉大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水下声通信传感器网络(UASNs-Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks)作为一种特殊的无线传感器网络为探索水下世界提供了一种崭新的方式,具有广阔的应用前景。然而水声信道的低带宽、多径效应、随机变化的长延迟、多普勒效应以及高噪声背景特性,使得实现高性能的UASNs成为世界性难题。此外,水下传感器节点辐射信号具有一定的波束宽度和随机的三维朝向,这也对UASNs的组网和信息传输产生了巨大的影响,而尚无有效技术应对该问题。水下路由协议与水下节点定位算法是UASNs的基本问题,是保证UASNs高效通信的重要因素,严重影响着UASNs的性能。本文以减少网络延时、提高网络的能量利用率、延长网络的生存期为出发点,研究水声通信传感器网络的路由协议和节点定位算法。本文首先对水下路由协议展开了研究,在充分调研现有水下路由协议的基础上,分析了水下传感器节点辐射信号的波束宽度和三维朝向对水下传感器网络带来的影响。针对水下传感器节点辐射信号的波束宽度和三维朝向所带来的水下网络连通度下降以及出现大量非对称链路的问题,设计了适用于静态水环境的基于链路状态的自适应反馈路由协议。协议解决了非对称路径的路由建立及反馈问题,并避免了路由表周期性更新所带来的巨大能耗。本文进一步设计了适用于动态环境的基于波束宽度与朝向的路由协议,在节点已知自身和汇聚节点位置的前提下,该协议利用水下传感器节点辐射信号的波束宽度和三维朝向进行进行路径优化。在包含机动节点在内的低网络连通度动态拓扑网络中,有效提高了有效的提高了包送达率并降低了能耗。协议能够有效实现网络自组织,并可应用于多网关网络应用中。最后,针对一些水下路由协议需要已知节点位置信息的情况,本文进一步在水下节点定位算法方面开展了研究,提出了无时间同步的环路辅助定位算法。实现了无时间同步的对称链路测距,解决了在无时间同步情况下的非对称链路测距问题。算法可有效提高定位覆盖范围,并能针对测量误差有效提高定位精度。
[Abstract]:As a special wireless sensor network, the underwater acoustic communication sensor network (UASNs-Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network) provides a new way to explore the underwater world and has a broad application prospect. However, the low bandwidth and multipath effect of underwater acoustic channel, The random variation of long delay, Doppler effect and background characteristics of high noise make the realization of high performance UASNs become a worldwide problem. In addition, the underwater sensor node radiation signal has a certain beamwidth and random three-dimensional orientation. However, there is no effective technology to deal with this problem. Underwater routing protocol and underwater node location algorithm are the basic problems of UASNs and an important factor to ensure the efficient communication of UASNs. In this paper, the routing protocol and node location algorithm of underwater acoustic sensor networks are studied in order to reduce the network delay, improve the energy utilization and prolong the lifetime of the network. In this paper, the underwater routing protocols are studied, and the existing underwater routing protocols are investigated. The influence of beam width and three-dimensional orientation of underwater sensor node radiation signal on underwater sensor network is analyzed. The underwater network connection caused by beam width and three-dimensional orientation of underwater sensor node radiation signal is analyzed. Reduced pass and problems with a large number of asymmetric links, An adaptive feedback routing protocol based on link state is designed for static water environment, which solves the routing and feedback problems of asymmetric paths and avoids the huge energy consumption caused by the periodic updating of routing tables. In this paper, a beamwidth and beam-oriented routing protocol is further designed for dynamic environments, where the nodes know themselves and the location of the converging nodes. The proposed protocol utilizes beam width and 3D orientation of the radiating signal of underwater sensor nodes for path optimization. The protocol can effectively improve the packet delivery rate and reduce the energy consumption, and the protocol can be used in multi-gateway network applications. Finally, in view of some underwater routing protocols need to know the node location information, this paper further studies the underwater node location algorithm. In this paper, a loop aided location algorithm without time synchronization is proposed, which realizes the symmetrical link ranging without time synchronization, and solves the problem of asymmetric link location without time synchronization. The algorithm can effectively improve the location coverage. And can effectively improve the positioning accuracy for the measurement error.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.3;TP212.9

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