面向机场噪声监测的无线传感网络能耗均衡研究

发布时间：2018-03-24 00:40

本文选题：机场噪声　切入点：最小连通覆盖　出处：《中国民航大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着机场运输规模不断扩大,机场噪声污染日益恶化,安装机场噪声监测系统已成为机场监测周边噪声环境的重要手段。但是,这类监测系统中的固定监测点成本高、对环境要求高、稳定性差,使用传感器节点代替固定监测点完成噪声数据的采集、传输、处理必会成为未来发展的趋势。由于传感器节点的能源受限,在机场噪声监测网络中必须有效利用传感器节点能量以延长网络生存时间,因此,本文研究了机场噪声监测网络中的最小连通覆盖集问题与传感器节点的能耗均衡性。首先,本文分析了同时满足网络覆盖性与连通性的要求,使工作节点数目最少的问题,为此,设计了一种集中式近似算法得出完全覆盖目标区域所需的最低要求节点集,同时提出了一种基于最小生成树的连通算法,以确保该集中式近似算法构造的最小覆盖集具有良好的连通性,最后通过实验对算法性能进行评估。其次,在机场噪声监测网络中如何划分成簇是造成网络能耗问题的一个直接原因,为此运用一种基于广播坐标的无线传感器网络静态链簇路由算法,用来消除网络动态成簇消耗的能量。针对噪声监测网络中传感器节点的能耗不均衡问题,提出了基于网络拓扑的能耗均衡路由算法来降低节点间的通信能耗,仿真结果表明,该算法可以得到较长的网络生存时间,并且能保证监测节点在很短时间内迅速死亡。说明设计的能耗均衡模型以及算法能很好的均衡监测节点能耗,而且降低通信能耗的效果也比较理想。最后,在能耗均衡的基础上,加入一种适应机场噪声监测环境的触发式休眠机制来减少网络能耗,通过与相同能耗模型和参数情况下无休眠机制网络的对比,表明有休眠节点的网络比全天候处于工作状态下的网络具有更长网络寿命。
[Abstract]:With the expansion of airport transportation scale and the worsening of airport noise pollution, the installation of airport noise monitoring system has become an important means to monitor the noise environment around the airport. However, the cost of fixed monitoring points in this kind of monitoring system is high. Because of the high environmental requirements and poor stability, the use of sensor nodes instead of fixed monitoring points to complete the acquisition, transmission and processing of noise data will become a trend of future development. In the airport noise monitoring network, the energy of sensor nodes must be utilized effectively to prolong the network lifetime. Therefore, the minimum connected covering set problem in airport noise monitoring network and the energy consumption equalization of sensor nodes are studied in this paper. In this paper, we analyze the problem of satisfying the requirements of network coverage and connectivity at the same time, so as to minimize the number of working nodes. For this reason, we design a centralized approximation algorithm to obtain the minimum required node set for complete coverage of the target region. At the same time, a connectivity algorithm based on minimum spanning tree is proposed to ensure that the minimum cover set constructed by the centralized approximation algorithm has good connectivity. Finally, the performance of the algorithm is evaluated by experiments. How to divide clusters into clusters in airport noise monitoring networks is a direct cause of network energy consumption. A static cluster routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks based on broadcast coordinates is used in this paper. To eliminate the energy consumption of dynamic clustering in the network, an energy consumption equalization routing algorithm based on network topology is proposed to reduce the energy consumption between nodes. The simulation results show that the energy consumption of sensor nodes in noise monitoring networks is unbalanced. The proposed algorithm can obtain a long network lifetime and ensure the monitoring node to die quickly in a very short time. It shows that the designed energy balance model and the algorithm can balance the energy consumption of the monitoring node very well. And the effect of reducing communication energy consumption is also ideal. Finally, on the basis of energy balance, a trigger dormancy mechanism is added to adapt to airport noise monitoring environment to reduce network energy consumption. Compared with the network without sleep mechanism with the same energy consumption model and parameters, it is shown that the network with dormant nodes has a longer network life than the network with all-weather working state.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V351;TP212.9;TN929.5

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