基于梳状基片集成波导结构的漏波天线研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 13:38

本文选题：梳状基片集成波导　切入点：漏波天线　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：摘要：漏波天线是一类在工程上有着广泛应用的行波天线。以往的研究中设计的漏波天线虽然性能良好,但由于使用封闭式波导结构(体积大、加工成本高、难与平面电路集成)或者开放式平面导波结构(存在寄生模式和表面波模式等问题,产生额外的电磁波辐射和交叉干扰)所带来的诸多问题,限制了漏波天线进一步的发展与应用。基片集成波导的出现不仅继承了传统波导结构的优良传输性能,又兼有平面结构的加工优势,于是迅速成为近年来的研究热点,也为漏波天线的发展提供了新的机遇。而新型梳状基片集成波导的出现,又为平面导波结构的研究开拓了一个新的方向。本文采用梳状基片集成波导为基本结构进行了漏波天线的设计,验证了这种结构用于天线设计的可行性,实际制作了天线并进行了测试；针对所设计天线副瓣较高的问题,本文还对该结构进行了低副瓣设计,并分析了影响天线副瓣电平的因素。本文主要工作和创新点： 1.基于梳状基片集成波导结构,设计了长直缝隙漏波天线,并研究了它的回波损耗、方向图、天线增益和相位常数等阻抗特性和辐射特性,分析了衰减常数与天线缝隙位移的关系；实际制作加工了天线实物,并进行测量,测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好。这种基于梳状基片集成波导结构设计的漏波天线,利用微带线代替了传统基片集成波导中的金属孔结构,简化了加工工艺。 2.基于梳状基片集成波导结构,设计了部分反射面漏波天线,并对它的S参数、口面场相位常数,天线方向图和实际增益等阻抗特性和辐射特性进行了研究,分析了衰减常数与天线部分反射面上梳状微带线间距的关系；实际制作加工了天线实物,并进行测量,测试结果与仿真结果吻合较好。 3.基于梳状基片集成波导结构,设计了圆极化缝隙阵列漏波天线。研究了缝隙单元的场强和相位特性,进而组成八单元缝隙阵列漏波天线,研究了其阻抗特性和辐射特性。所设计的圆极化漏波天线可以实现主波束垂直侧射,并具有较大的轴比带宽。 4.采用方向图综合法,设计了具有低副瓣特性的部分反射面漏波天线,分析了天线口面场分布以及梳状微带线对副瓣电平的影响,在此基础上进一步优化了副瓣电平。
[Abstract]:Abstract: leaky wave antenna is a kind of traveling wave antenna which is widely used in engineering. Although the performance of the leaky wave antenna designed in the past research is good, it is due to the use of closed waveguide structure (large volume, high processing cost). Problems caused by difficulties in integrating with planar circuits or open plane guided wave structures (problems such as parasitic and surface wave modes, resulting in additional electromagnetic radiation and cross-interference), The appearance of substrate integrated waveguide not only inherits the excellent transmission performance of traditional waveguide structure, but also has the advantage of planar structure, so it has become a research hotspot in recent years. It also provides new opportunities for the development of leaky wave antennas. It also opens up a new direction for the study of planar guided wave structure. In this paper, the leaky wave antenna is designed using comb substrate integrated waveguide as the basic structure, and the feasibility of using this structure in antenna design is verified. In order to solve the problem of the high sidelobe of the antenna, the low sidelobe design is carried out, and the factors influencing the sidelobe level of the antenna are analyzed. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows:. 1. Based on the comb substrate integrated waveguide structure, a long straight slot leaky wave antenna is designed, and its impedance and radiation characteristics such as echo loss, pattern, antenna gain and phase constant are studied. The relationship between the attenuation constant and the slot displacement of the antenna is analyzed, and the antenna object is fabricated and measured. The test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. The leaky wave antenna is designed based on the comb substrate integrated waveguide structure. The microstrip wire is used to replace the metal hole structure in the traditional substrate integrated waveguide, which simplifies the machining process. 2. Based on the comb substrate integrated waveguide structure, a partial reflective surface leaky wave antenna is designed, and its impedance and radiation characteristics, such as S parameter, phase constant of interface field, antenna pattern and actual gain, are studied. The relationship between the attenuation constant and the line spacing of comb microstrip on the reflector of the antenna is analyzed, and the antenna object is fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results. 3. Based on the comb substrate integrated waveguide structure, a circular polarized slot array leaky wave antenna is designed. The field intensity and phase characteristics of the slot element are studied, and the eight cell slot array leaky wave antenna is constructed. The impedance and radiation characteristics of the antenna are studied. The circularly polarized leaky wave antenna can realize vertical sidelobe of the main beam and has a large axial ratio bandwidth. 4. Using the pattern synthesis method, a partial reflective surface leaky wave antenna with low sidelobe characteristics is designed. The field distribution of the antenna orifice and the influence of comb microstrip line on the sidelobe level are analyzed, and the sidelobe level is further optimized.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN820

【参考文献】