FPGA在雷达系统设计中的应用技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-26 17:07

本文选题：现场可编程门阵列　切入点：雷达信号处理　出处：《西安电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着雷达及其相关领域技术的发展,雷达在人类生活及军事中肩负起越来越重要的责任。雷达信号处理系统作为雷达系统的重要组成部分,近年来也随着DSP和FPGA的大量引入发展迅速。特别是FPGA具备可并行处理、体积小、速度快等特点,在各数字系统中使用量大大增加。FPGA已经具备实现整个雷达信号处理的能力,因此基于FPGA数字信号处理的实现在雷达信号处理中占有重要地位。本文针对FPGA在雷达系统设计中的应用技术展开研究,主要讲述三部分内容:1.详细介绍了雷达信号处理算法和多功能性设计。现代雷达对其功能的要求越来越多样化。针对这一要求,本文设计的信号处理系统可根据不同需求适时改变工作模式。针对不同的工作模式,各个信号处理算法参数可实现实时配置。随后依次介绍了雷达信号处理的基本算法理论。重点研究了FIR实现自适应MTD滤波器的设计方法,并进一步介绍了滑动MTD实现方法。2.详细介绍了雷达信号处理检测算法。雷达的根本任务是检测目标,雷达信号处理的目的也是提高检测概率。首先介绍了CFAR检测的基本原理。然后按其处理方式分类分别研究了单元平均恒虚警检测和杂波图恒虚警检测。针对单元平均恒虚警检测分别研究了单元平均、单元平均选大、单元平均选小3种恒虚警处理方法,并进一步给出了其二维实现的方法。针对各恒虚警检测方法,本文从检测概率及检测损失两个方面分析了其各自的检测性能。3.结合实际工程项目,详细介绍了某雷达系统的FPGA设计。该雷达信号处理系统由AD定时采样板及多块信号处理板组成。信号处理由FPGA和DSP共同实现。FPGA完成定时控制、AD采样、数字下变频、脉冲压缩、恒虚警检测及与各雷达系统通信等工作。依次介绍了FPGA各模块的程序设计及实现方法,重点描述了脉冲压缩模块和定时控制模块。脉冲压缩模块采用分时复用FFT核的方法实现了多通道大数据量的脉冲压缩处理。定时控制模块实现了多工作模式雷达的复杂时序控制。经过实验室调试和外场实测验证后,FPGA工作正常,信号处理系统实现了预期功能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of radar and its related technology, radar is shouldering more and more important responsibility in human life and military affairs. Radar signal processing system is an important part of radar system. In recent years, with the rapid development of DSP and FPGA, especially FPGA has the characteristics of parallel processing, small size, fast speed, and so on. The use of FPGA has been greatly increased in various digital systems. FPGA has the ability to realize the whole radar signal processing. Therefore, the realization of digital signal processing based on FPGA plays an important role in radar signal processing. In this paper, the application technology of FPGA in radar system design is studied. This paper introduces the radar signal processing algorithm and multifunctional design in detail. The requirements of modern radar for its functions are becoming more and more diversified. The signal processing system designed in this paper can change the working mode according to different demands. The parameters of each signal processing algorithm can be configured in real time. Then the basic algorithm theory of radar signal processing is introduced in turn. The design method of adaptive MTD filter based on FIR is studied emphatically. The realization method of sliding MTD. 2. The detection algorithm of radar signal processing is introduced in detail. The basic task of radar is to detect the target. The purpose of radar signal processing is also to improve the detection probability. Firstly, the basic principle of CFAR detection is introduced. Then, the unit average CFAR detection and clutter map CFAR detection are studied according to their processing methods. The average CFAR detection has studied the unit average, There are three CFAR processing methods, one is the average size of the unit and the other is the average selection of the unit, and the two dimensional realization method is also given, which is aimed at each CFAR detection method. This paper analyzes their detection performance from two aspects: detection probability and detection loss. The FPGA design of a radar system is introduced in detail. The radar signal processing system is composed of AD timing sampling board and multiple signal processing boards. The signal processing is implemented by FPGA and DSP to complete timing control AD sampling, digital downconversion, pulse compression, etc. CFAR detection and communication with radar systems are introduced. The program design and implementation method of each module of FPGA are introduced in turn. The pulse compression module and the timing control module are described in detail. The pulse compression module uses the time-sharing multiplexing FFT core to realize the pulse compression processing of the multi-channel large data volume. The timing control module realizes the multi-mode radar. After laboratory debugging and field testing, FPGA works normally. The signal processing system realizes the expected function.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN957.51;TN791

【相似文献】