移动Ad hoc网络与Internet互联关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-28 07:38

本文选题：移动Ad　切入点：hoc网络　出处：《北京理工大学》2014年博士论文

【摘要】：由于信息技术的飞速发展，军事作战方式不断改变，信息优势已经成为决定战场胜负形势的制高点。当前，各种使用移动Ad hoc网络技术构建的野战互联网络系统、战场侦察和监视系统等大量装备部队，这些系统在具有越来越强功能的同时，还需要与军用IP广域网互联。因此，如何保证在野外机动作战过程中机动作战部队与军用IP广域网之间的无缝不间断连接，成为一个急需解决的问题。在军事作战过程中，为了实现网络快速部署，通常对军用战术互联网络的自配置功能要求非常高，其中就包括设备的地址自动配置。由于军用超短波电台自组网具有带宽窄、速率低的信道特点，必须设计高效率、低开销的地址自动配置协议。在军用战术互联网络的整个生存期间，网络拓扑结构会频繁变化，它可能会分割成几个较小的网络，或者几个较小的网络在某一时间会合并成为一个较大的网络。因此，地址自动配置协议需要能够处理网络分割和合并的场景。在遂行野战任务时，军用战术互联网络与军用IP广域网需要交互大量的指挥控制和态势感知信息以及情报。而设备要想接入军用IP广域网，首先需要发现和选择网关。为了提高军用战术互联网络与军用IP广域网互联的可靠性和鲁棒性，往往会部署多个网关。面对大量的音频、视频、图像等资料的交互需求，如何从多个网关中发现和选择一个保证服务质量的网关至关重要。为了适应复杂的野战地理环境和提供可靠冗余的通信需求，军用战术互联网络通常都包含多种无线通信手段，网络内部的数据传输手段多样以提升整体的吞吐量。而军用战术互联网络与军用IP广域网的互联流量都经网关中继，网关往往会成为影响互联性能提升的瓶颈。通常为了解决这个问题，会在网络中部署多个网关，以增加互联的总带宽容量。但是，在没有引入其它机制的情况下，如果使用传统的最短路径路由算法来选择到网关的路由路径，那么移动结点都会选择距离自己最近的网关，于是，高度集中的流量势必导致单个网关负载过重。因此，仅仅通过部署多个网关并不能较好地提升互联的吞吐量性能，为了提高军用战术互联网络与军用IP广域网间的流量交互性能，必须对多网关间的负载平衡机制进行深入研究。本文针对移动Ad hoc网络与Internet互联的新需求和挑战，在地址自动配置、网关发现和选择以及负载平衡方面展开深入研究，这些研究工作对于进一步地讨论和开展移动Ad hoc网络的广泛应用具有重要意义。论文的创新型工作主要包括以下几个方面： 1）针对军用超短波电台自组网带宽窄、速率低的信道特点，提出一种高效率、低开销的移动Ad hoc网络地址自动配置协议MANET-AACP。该协议能够为移动结点配置一个唯一的本地地址和一个唯一的全局地址。该协议能够处理网络分割和网络合并问题，并在整个移动Ad hoc网络生存期间保证所配置地址的唯一性。通过理论分析证明本文提出的MANET-AACP协议产生地址冲突的概率非常低，通过仿真证明该协议有效、开销较低。 2）针对军用战术互联网络与军用IP广域网数据交互的新需求，本文提出一种基于网络负载自适应的网关发现协议，它根据网络的流量负载动态地调整网关通告消息的发送范围，较好地适应了当前的网络状态，提高了互联的性能。提出一种网关发现协议的理论分析模型，并使用该模型对本文提出的基于网络负载自适应的网关发现协议和现有的网关发现协议进行分析。分析结果表明，，本文提出的基于网络负载自适应的网关发现协议既能获得很好的互联性能，同时又将开销维持在合理的范围内。仿真结果表明，本文提出的基于网络负载自适应的网关发现协议能够获得较好的分组传递率和较低的端到端平均分组传输延迟。 3）提出一种基于QoS的网关选择算法，它使用网关当前可用负载容量、移动节点到网关的路径质量以及移动节点到网关的最短距离三个QoS参数来选择最佳网关，它能选择一条到网关的具有较好路径质量的、较轻负载的路径，同时尽量降低消耗的资源。仿真结果表明，本文提出的基于QoS的网关选择算法能够获得较好的分组传递率和较低的端到端平均分组传输延迟。 4）本文提出两种多网关间负载平衡路由算法，这两种算法都能使得负载在Ad hoc网络以及多网关间平衡分布。为了降低平均路由路径长度，引入路由路径长度增长阈值，防止路由路径长度过长，避免消耗更多宝贵的无线网络资源。仿真结果表明，本文提出的两种多网关间负载平衡路由算法不但能够有效地平衡负载，而且与最短路径路由算法相比，平均路由路径长度的增长不超过20%。
[Abstract]:Due to the rapid development of information technology, military combat mode changing, information superiority has become the determining ground. Current situation of battlefield outcome, field Internet system using mobile Ad hoc network technology to build the battlefield reconnaissance and surveillance system such as a large number of troops, the system has stronger function at the same time, and also need to the military IP Wan. Therefore, how to ensure the motor of combat troops and military IP wide area network in the field of mobile operations uninterrupted seamless connection, become an urgent problem.
In military operations, in order to realize the rapid deployment of military tactical network, usually the Internet self configuration function requirements are very high, including address auto configuration equipment. Due to military VHF radio with narrow bandwidth of ad hoc network, the channel characteristics of low speed, high efficiency must be designed, address auto configuration protocol with low overhead. During the whole life of Military Tactical Internet network, the network topology may change frequently, it may be divided into several smaller networks, or several smaller networks at a time will be merged into a larger network. Therefore, the address auto configuration protocol needs to be able to handle network partitioning and merging the scene.
In the field to carry out the task, need a large number of interactions of command and control and situational awareness of information and intelligence and military tactical network protection IP wide area network. And the equipment to access protection Wan IP, first of all need to find and select the gateway. In order to improve the reliability and robustness of IP Wan Military Tactical Internet and army. Often the deployment of multiple gateways. Faced with a large number of audio, video, interactive image data, how from multiple gateway discovery and selection is very important to ensure the quality of service gateway.
In order to adapt to the needs of the communication field of complicated geographical environment and provide reliable redundancy, military tactical internet usually contain a variety of wireless communication method, data transmission method of network internal diversity to improve the overall throughput. While the Internet traffic in the Internet and the military tactical military IP wide area network by gateway relay gateway will often become the bottleneck the Internet to improve the performance. Usually in order to solve this problem, will deploy multiple gateway in the network, with a total increase of interconnection bandwidth capacity. However, without introducing other mechanism, if using the traditional shortest path routing algorithm to select the routing path to the gateway, so the mobile node will choose from their the nearest gateway, so highly concentrated flow will inevitably lead to a single gateway overload. Therefore, only by deploying multiple gateways and can better extract In order to improve the traffic interaction performance between Military Tactical Internet and military IP Wan, we must further study the load balancing mechanism between multiple gateways.
In this paper, the new requirements and challenges for mobile Ad hoc network and Internet Internet, in the address auto configuration, gateway discovery and selection and load balance of in-depth research, these research works for further discussion and wide application of mobile Ad hoc network is of great significance.
The innovative work of this paper mainly includes the following aspects:
1) for military VHF radio ad hoc network bandwidth, the channel characteristics of low speed, a high efficiency, low cost of the mobile Ad hoc network address auto configuration protocol MANET-AACP. protocol to the mobile node configuration a unique local address and a unique global address. The protocol can deal with the problem of network segmentation and the network, and ensure the uniqueness of the allocation of addresses in the mobile Ad hoc network. During the period of survival probability by theoretical analysis show that the proposed MANET-AACP protocol address conflict is very low, the simulation proves that the protocol is effective, low overhead.
2) according to the requirements of the New Military Tactical Internet and military IP wide area network data interaction, this paper proposes a gateway discovery protocol based on adaptive network load, according to the transmission range of network traffic load dynamically adjust the gateway advertisement messages, to better adapt to the current state of the network, improve the performance of the proposed interconnection. The discovery of a theoretical model of protocol gateway, and using the model of the proposed network load based on adaptive gateway discovery protocol and the existing gateway discovery protocol is analyzed. The analysis results show that the proposed adaptive gateway discovery based on internet protocol can get good performance, but also the maintenance overhead in a reasonable range. The simulation results show that the proposed adaptive gateway discovery based on protocol can obtain better packet delivery rate And lower end to end packet transmission delay.
3) put forward a selection algorithm of QoS gateway based on it using the currently available gateway load capacity, mobile node to gateway path quality and mobile node to gateway shortest distance three QoS parameters to choose the best gateway, it can choose a better path to the gateway has the quality of light load path at the same time, to reduce the consumption of resources. The simulation results show that the proposed QoS gateway selection algorithm can obtain better packet delivery rate and lower end to end based on the average packet transmission delay.
4) this paper puts forward two kinds of multi gateway load balancing routing algorithm, these two algorithms can make the load in the Ad hoc network and gateway balance distribution. In order to reduce the average path length, the length of the routing path growth threshold, prevent the routing path length is too long, to avoid the consumption of more valuable wireless cyber source simulation. The results show that the proposed two multi gateway load balancing routing algorithm can effectively balance the load, and compared with the shortest path routing algorithm, the average path length of the growth of no more than 20%.

【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5

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