基于测距的无线传感器网络定位算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 18:11

本文选题：无线传感器网络　切入点：RSSI　出处：《大连理工大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络是近年来受到国际学术界和工业界广泛关注的新兴技术,在工业、军事、环境等领域有广泛的应用前景。在许多应用中,节点位置信息至关重要,离开位置信息,监测事件或者感知数据也失去了实际应用价值。因此,传感节点定位技术是无线传感器网络的关键技术之一,也是本文研究的重点。本文深入分析了经典的定位算法优缺点。通过分析定位原理,把定位算法分为两个阶段：测距阶段和定位阶段；并提出了两种相应的求精算法。在测距阶段中,考虑无线传感器网络低功耗,小型化的发展趋势,采用RSSI测距技术。由于环境因素对RSSI测距精度有着非常大的影响,我们提出了一套减小测距误差的方法：包括异常的RSSI值3σ法、在线建模法和自校正误差补偿法。在定位阶段中,在分析经典三边定位算法基础上,首次提出了三边法定位可能出现病态方程问题,并从理论上予以证明,创新性地给出了基于最小条件数的三边定位算法。本文进行了大量测距和定位实验,得出结论：RSSI值受环境影响很大,通过3σ法处理、在线建模和误差补偿均能有效提高测距精度。同时,本文首次提出的基于最小条件数的三边定位算法精度也高于经典距离最近三边定位算法,为三边法的优化提供了理论和实践依据。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network is a new technology, the international academia and industry in recent years has attracted wide attention in industry, military, environment and other fields have a wide application prospect. In many applications, the node location information is critical, leave the location information, monitoring events or sensing data also lost the value of practical application. Therefore, the sensor node localization technology is one of the key technologies in wireless sensor network, but also the focus of this paper.
This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the classic location algorithm. By analyzing the positioning principle, the positioning algorithm is divided into two stages: stage ranging and positioning stage; and puts forward two corresponding refinement algorithm. In the ranging stage, considering the low power wireless sensor networks, the development trend of miniaturization, with RSSI ranging technology. Because of the environmental factors have a great influence on the RSSI measurement accuracy, we propose a method to reduce the ranging error: including the abnormal RSSI value of 3 Sigma method, online modeling method and self correction error compensation method. In the positioning stage, in the analysis of three classic edge location algorithm based on edge is put forward for the first time three locate the possible ill conditioned equations, and proved theoretically, this paper creatively proposes a three edge localization algorithm based on minimum condition number.
This paper carried out a large number of ranging and positioning experiment, draw the conclusion: the value of RSSI is strongly influenced by the environment, through the 3 sigma process, online modeling and error compensation can effectively improve the ranging accuracy. At the same time, this paper first proposed the precision of three edge localization algorithm based on minimum condition number is higher than the classical nearest three edge localization algorithm. To provide theoretical and practical basis for the optimization of the three edge method.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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