基于动态配置等价多路径技术的无线传感器网络负载均衡算法研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 14:42

本文选题：无线传感器网络　切入点：负载均衡　出处：《传感技术学报》2015年05期

【摘要】：随着物联网应用的推广,作为底层核心构件的传感器网络所承载传输业务成激增趋势,使得窄带宽无线信道成为了制约物联网应用的首要因素。合理分流流量,实现负载均衡是提升网络承载能力的有效方法。本文将ECMP(Equal-Cost Multipaths)技术与传感器网络自组织特性相融合,传感器网络多跳自组织特性为业务传输提供多条等价最短路径,ECMP将业务均衡分担到这些等价最短路径上,实现负载均衡。理论证明传统ECMP配置方法全网节点开通ECMP功能不仅会增加网络控制信息开销,而且在某些情况下反而会增大区域负载,形成网络拥塞。因此,本文提出动态选择开通ECMP算法(DC-ECMP)。算法以流入节点流量等于流出节点流量作为业务守恒约束,链路带宽上限作为链路容量约束,以最大链路利用率最小化为目标函数,建立多约束优化模型。并依据最大链路使用率和节点度判定开通ECMP优先级,动态选择需开通节点,以获取最优网络传输性能。仿真结果表明DC-ECMP算法比已有PPV算法有效降低最大链路使用率,消除网络局部拥塞隐患,并且最大减少传输延时9.9 ms,节省网络资源消耗4.06%。
[Abstract]:With the popularization of Internet of things applications, the transmission services carried by sensor networks, which are the core components of the bottom layer, have increased rapidly, which makes narrow bandwidth wireless channel become the primary factor restricting the application of the Internet of things. Load balancing is an effective method to enhance the load carrying capacity of the network. This paper combines ECMP(Equal-Cost multipath technology with the self-organizing characteristic of sensor network. The multi-hop self-organization characteristic of sensor networks provides multiple equivalent shortest paths for traffic transmission. ECMP shares traffic balance onto these equivalent shortest paths. The theory proves that the traditional ECMP configuration method can not only increase the overhead of network control information, but also increase the area load and form network congestion. In this paper, a dynamic open ECMP algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses inflow node traffic equal to outflow node traffic as service conservation constraint, the upper limit of link bandwidth as link capacity constraint, and the minimization of maximum link utilization as the objective function. Based on the maximum link utilization rate and node degree, the open ECMP priority is determined, and the dynamic selection needs to open the node. The simulation results show that the DC-ECMP algorithm can effectively reduce the maximum link utilization rate, eliminate the hidden trouble of network local congestion, reduce the transmission delay by 9.9 Ms and save 4.06% of the network resources compared with the existing PPV algorithm.
【作者单位】：国网河南省电力公司经济技术研究院;天津大学电气与自动化工程学院;
【基金】：国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFA11040) 国家自然科学基金项目(61172014) 天津市自然科学基金重点项目(12JCZDJC21300)
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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