优化甚高频遥控台信号覆盖范围研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 16:09

本文选题：甚高频-VHF　切入点：地空通信　出处：《沈阳建筑大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,由于航空流量的逐年增加,飞机间隔的逐年减小,使得空中交通环境变得越发拥挤和危险,空中交通安全成为目前空中交通运输中的首要任务。甚高频是飞机与地面管制员之间联络的重要手段,如何扩大和完善空中交通管制中甚高频信号的覆盖范围成为重要课题。本文主要是围绕甚高频信号覆盖的算法进行分析研究,针对大气的折射、地球曲面的影响、信号覆盖场强的损耗、地面物的遮挡等因素,将实际工作中各遥控台站的甚高频信号覆盖情况建立数学模型。对现有甚高频覆盖的计算方法进行改进和优化,并依据改进后的算法使用VB语言编程,开发出在实际工作中具有较强实际意义的“甚高频信号覆盖辅助系统”软件。基于该软件,以沈阳地区扩大管制区域筹建的工程项目为背景,对遥控台设备及符合工程标准的遥控台站信号覆盖情况的现状进行分析和计算,提出现状中存在的问题和不足。针对其实际现状,并综合了大气的折射、地球曲面的影响、信号覆盖场强的损耗、地面物的遮挡等影响因素,对覆盖情况进行分析优化,构建了较为精确的覆盖图。并利用该覆盖图进行分析,发现目前沈阳地区扩大管制区域筹建方案中对甚高频信号覆盖的规划方面,存在的三方面问题：(1)在西乌台站与乌兰台站中间,A588这一重要航路上,存在40公里左右范围的通信盲区。(2)在04号扇区内的A326航线上,存在两个不同台站共同覆盖,并使用同一频率的120公里左右信号重叠,形成同频干扰。此类干扰现象在信号的终端接收设备中会以尖锐的“啸叫”声形式出现,严重影响管制员对飞机的指挥,威胁飞行安全。(3)在实际工作中,较小范围的信号重叠也会产生通信回音现象,严重时会影响飞行安全。针对这三方面的问题,对沈阳地区扩大管制区域筹建的工程的遥控台系统设备方案提出三方面的实际改进设想：(1)在提高甚高频-VHF地-空通信作用距离方面的方面,提出改用增益较高天线或将天线定向,使其传播距离增加,并通过计算,加以论证。(2)在消除甚高频-VHF通信同频干扰现象的方面,提出假设频偏,防止同频干扰现象。(3)甚高频-VHF通信信号回音等不良现象的消除方面,提出优化比选技术,并经过试验,做了相应统计。通过以上研究和分析,使遥控台系统充分实现优化甚高频遥控台地空通信覆盖范围的目的,具有切实可行的应用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the air traffic environment becomes more and more crowded and dangerous because of the increase of air traffic flow and the decrease of aircraft spacing year by year. Air traffic safety has become the most important task in air traffic.VHF is an important means of communication between aircraft and ground controllers. How to expand and improve the coverage of VHF signals in air traffic control has become an important topic.This paper mainly focuses on the analysis and research of VHF signal coverage algorithm, aiming at the refraction of atmosphere, the influence of earth surface, the loss of signal coverage field strength, the occlusion of ground objects, etc.The mathematical model of VHF signal coverage of remote control stations is established.The existing calculation method of VHF coverage is improved and optimized. According to the improved algorithm, VB language is used to develop the "VHF signal coverage Auxiliary system" which is of great practical significance in practical work.Based on the software, this paper analyzes and calculates the status quo of the remote control station equipment and the signal coverage of the remote control station in accordance with the engineering standards, and puts forward the problems and shortcomings in the present situation, based on the background of the project project planned for the expansion of the control area in Shenyang area.In view of the actual situation, the influence factors such as the refraction of atmosphere, the influence of earth surface, the loss of signal overlay field strength, the occlusion of ground object and so on are synthetically analyzed and optimized, and a more accurate coverage map is constructed.By analyzing the coverage map, it is found that there are three problems in the planning of VHF signal coverage in the current planning plan for the expansion of the control area in Shenyang) on the important route of A588 between Xiwu Station and Wu Lan Station.There is a communication blind area of 40 km or so.) on the A326 route in sector 04, there are two different stations covering each other, and the same frequency interference is formed by using about 120 km of signals of the same frequency.This kind of interference will appear in the form of sharp "howling" sound in the terminal receiving device of the signal, which seriously affects the controller's command of the aircraft and threatens the flight safety.A small range of overlapping signals will also produce a communication echo phenomenon, which can seriously affect flight safety.In view of these three problems, this paper puts forward three practical improvements to the scheme of remote control station system equipment for the project planned to be built in the area of expansion of control in Shenyang area. The three aspects of the improvement plan are: 1) in terms of increasing the operational distance between the very high frequency (VHF) -VHF ground-to-air communications.In this paper, it is proposed that the antenna with higher gain should be used or directed to increase its propagation distance. Through calculation, it is proved that the assumption of frequency offset is proposed to eliminate the phenomenon of co-frequency interference in VHF -VHF communication.In the aspect of eliminating the bad phenomena such as echo of VHF communication signal, the optimized comparison and selection technique is put forward, and the corresponding statistics are made after the experiment.Through the above research and analysis, the remote control station system can fully realize the purpose of optimizing the coverage of the VHF remote control platform, which has practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：V35;TN915.85

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