适用于无线传感器网络的低功耗射频唤醒技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-07 14:50

本文选题：射频唤醒　切入点：低功耗　出处：《电子科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络是近年来发展非常迅速的一种以传感器和无线通信方式实现信息获取和处理的技术。其一个重要的特性就是极低的功耗,然而在实际应用中,支持ZigBee节点所使用协议的射频芯片无法从睡眠模式下自动唤醒,射频芯片只能处于完全工作模式和周期性唤醒模式,虽然“侦听、休眠”模式相对于完全工作模式功耗降低了很多,但毋庸置疑的是在这两种工作模式下射频模块的功耗依然较高,无法满足实际应用中的需求。本文首先介绍了无线传感器网络的发展现状,以及在功耗问题上现有的研究成果,然后以Cockcroft-Walton倍压整流电路为基础,在考虑实际条件环境,提出并分析了在高频和低功率输入下考虑二极管参数、倍压级数、负载阻抗等多项因素的电路分析模型,对该模型进行了详细的分析和简化。其次,通过简化模型,设计并制作了一种适用于无线传感器网络的低功耗射频唤醒半无源化模块,对该模块进行了详细的调试和实际测试,包含阻抗匹配电路、功率放大电路的调试,模块在唤醒距离和功耗上的多点测试,以及在电路性能上的参数优化,实际测试结果表明,该模块在空旷条件且仅消耗6.2uW能耗的情况下,其唤醒距离约为13米。最后,为了使设计的射频唤醒模块能够和MAC层协议相融合,论文在已有的MAC层协议研究成果上,对无线令牌协议进行了改进,改进后的协议充分利用了射频唤醒机制和无线令牌环网机制,将传输信道分为了数据信道和唤醒信道。实验表明,改进型的MAC层协议,在传输时延和功耗方面均优于S-MAC协议,使得无线传感器网络的功耗进一步降低。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have been developed rapidly in recent years to achieve information acquisition and processing by means of sensors and wireless communication.One of its important features is very low power consumption. However, in practical applications, RF chips that support the protocols used by ZigBee nodes cannot automatically wake up from sleep mode, and RF chips can only be in full working mode and periodic wake-up mode.Although the power consumption of the "listening, sleeping" mode is much lower than that of the full working mode, there is no doubt that the power consumption of the RF module is still relatively high in these two modes of operation, and can not meet the needs of practical applications.This paper first introduces the development of wireless sensor networks and the existing research results in power consumption, then based on the Cockcroft-Walton voltage doubling rectifier circuit, considering the actual conditions,A circuit analysis model considering diode parameters, voltage doubling series and load impedance under high frequency and low power input is proposed and analyzed. The model is analyzed and simplified in detail.Secondly, by simplifying the model, a low-power RF wake-up semi-passive module for wireless sensor networks is designed and fabricated. The module is debugged and tested in detail, including impedance matching circuit.The debugging of the power amplifier circuit, the multipoint test of the module in wakeup distance and power consumption, and the parameter optimization in the circuit performance show that the module consumes only the 6.2uW energy consumption under the condition of open space.The arousal distance is about 13 meters.Finally, in order to integrate the designed RF wake-up module with the MAC protocol, this paper improves the wireless token protocol based on the existing research results of the MAC protocol.The improved protocol makes full use of the radio frequency wake-up mechanism and the wireless token ring network mechanism, and divides the transmission channel into data channel and wake-up channel.The experimental results show that the improved MAC protocol is superior to the S-MAC protocol in terms of transmission delay and power consumption, which further reduces the power consumption of wireless sensor networks.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN929.5;TP212.9

【共引文献】