基于遗传算法的多波束反射阵天线技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-09 04:23

本文选题：反射阵　切入点：多波束　出处：《解放军信息工程大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：多波束反射阵天线结合了多波束天线和微带反射阵天线的优点,能够以高增益覆盖多个区域,同时具有重量轻、成本低、馈电损耗小等特点,在电子对抗、卫星通信和多目标雷达系统等领域有着广泛的应用前景。本文针对现有多波束反射阵设计方法难以设计出性能指标较好的非对称多波束反射阵的现状,首次将全局优化算法中的遗传算法引入到反射阵设计中,通过对相位分布进行优化,实现低旁瓣、高效率、波束偏移较小的非对称多波束反射阵天线设计。本文所取得的主要研究成果与创新点如下:(1)反射阵方向图的快速计算。本文详细推导了基于阵列综合和基于口径场的反射阵方向图快速计算的理论公式,并对其进行Matlab数值仿真,将数值仿真结果与全波仿真结果进行对比分析。结果表明,该方法可以大大的减少仿真时间,只要给出反射阵的相位分布,可以快速求出其三维辐射方向图。(2)Ku波段反射阵阵元和馈源设计。本文给出了一种单层双谐振“工-环”形阵元设计,阵元不存在空气层,利于实际加工制作,大大降低了加工难度和制作成本;其次,给出了一副右旋圆极化波纹喇叭天线设计,中心频率为12GHz,-10dB波瓣宽度为80o,方向图等化性较好,相位中心稳定,适合做单反射面天线馈源。(3)基于遗传算法的多波束反射阵设计。针对几何分区法和口径场叠加法设计的非对称多波束反射阵天线性能不理想,交替投影法无法完成非对称多波束反射阵设计的问题,本文首次将全局优化算法中的遗传算法引入到非对称多波束反射阵设计中,通过对相位分布进行优化,实现低旁瓣、高效率、波束偏移较小的非对称多波束反射阵天线设计。仿真结果表明,遗传算法相比于几何分区法设计的反射阵天线,增益提升2.3dB,波束偏移下降1.7o,第一副瓣电平下降4.6dB;相比于口径场叠加法设计的反射阵天线,增益提升1.2dB,波束偏移下降0.7o,第一副瓣电平下降4.4dB。仿真和测试结果较为吻合,证明了此设计方法的有效性。
[Abstract]:The multi-beam reflector array antenna combines the advantages of multi-beam antenna and microstrip reflector array antenna. It can cover multiple areas with high gain, and it has the advantages of light weight, low cost, low feed loss and so on, so it can be used in electronic countermeasure.Satellite communications and multi-target radar systems have a wide range of applications.In this paper, the genetic algorithm of the global optimization algorithm is introduced into the design of the reflection array for the first time in view of the current situation that it is difficult to design asymmetric multi-beam reflectors with better performance by the existing design methods of multi-beam reflectors.By optimizing the phase distribution, an asymmetric multi-beam reflector antenna with low sidelobe, high efficiency and small beam offset is designed.The main achievements and innovations of this paper are as follows: 1) Fast calculation of the pattern of reflection array.In this paper, the theoretical formula for fast calculation of reflective array pattern based on array synthesis and aperture field is derived in detail, and the Matlab numerical simulation is carried out. The results of numerical simulation are compared with those of full-wave simulation.The results show that this method can greatly reduce the simulation time, so long as the phase distribution of the reflection array is given, the three-dimensional radiation pattern can be obtained quickly.In this paper, a single layer double resonance "work- ring" array element design is presented. The element does not have air layer, which is beneficial to the practical manufacture and greatly reduces the processing difficulty and production cost.The design of a right-handed circularly polarized corrugated horn antenna is presented. The center frequency is 12GHz / 10dB and the width of the lobe is 80o. the pattern is stable and the phase center is stable. The antenna is suitable for single reflector antenna feed. (3) A multi-beam reflector array based on genetic algorithm is designed.Because the performance of asymmetric multi-beam reflector antenna designed by geometric partition method and aperture field superposition method is not ideal, the alternating projection method can not complete the design of asymmetric multi-beam reflector array.In this paper, the genetic algorithm of global optimization algorithm is introduced into the design of asymmetric multi-beam reflector array for the first time. By optimizing the phase distribution, the antenna design of asymmetric multi-beam reflector array with low sidelobe, high efficiency and small beam offset is realized.The simulation results show that compared with the reflector antenna designed by the geometric partition method, the genetic algorithm can increase the gain by 2.3 dB, decrease the beam offset by 1.7 o, and decrease the first side lobe level by 4.6 dB, and compare with the antenna designed by the aperture field superposition method.The gain is increased by 1.2 dB, the beam offset is reduced by 0.7 o. the first sidelobe level is reduced by 4.4 dB.The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results, and the effectiveness of the design method is proved.
【学位授予单位】：解放军信息工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：TN820

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